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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology >Predation by gulls on crabs in rocky intertidal and shallow subtidal zones of the Gulf of Maine
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Predation by gulls on crabs in rocky intertidal and shallow subtidal zones of the Gulf of Maine

机译：海鸥捕食缅因湾多岩石的潮间带和浅潮带下的螃蟹

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摘要

Most organisms in intertidal areas are marine in origin; many have distributions that extend into the subtidal zone. Terrestrial predators such as mammals and birds may exploit these animals during low tide and can have considerable effects on intertidal food webs. Several studies have shown that avian predators are capable of reducing densities of sessile and slow-moving intertidal invertebrates but very few studies have considered avian predation on mobile invertebrate predators such as crabs. In this study, we investigated predation by Great Black-backed Gulls (Larus marinus Linnaeus) on three species of crabs (Cancer borealis Stimpson, Cancer irroratus Say, and Carcinus maenas Linnaeus). The study was at Appledore Island, ME (a gull breeding island) and 8 other sites throughout the Gulf of Maine, including breeding islands and mainland sites. On Appledore Island, intertidal and subtidal zones provided over one-third of prey remains found at gull nests, and crabs were a substantial proportion (～30% to 40%) of the total remains. Similarly, collections of prey remains from intertidal areas indicated that crabs were by far the most common marine prey. C. borealis was eaten far more often and C. irroratus and C. maenas less often than expected at each site. Comparing numbers of carapaces to densities of crabs in low intertidal and shallow subtidal zones at each site, we estimated that gulls remove between 15% and 64% of C. borealis during diurnal low tides. The proportion of C. borealis eaten by gulls was independent of proximity to a gull colony. Approximately 97% of the outer coast of Maine is within 20 km of a breeding island. Thus, a lot of gull predation on crabs may occur throughout the Gulf of Maine during summer months. Crabs are important predators of other invertebrates; if predation by gulls reduces the number of crabs in intertidal and shallow subtidal areas, gulls may have important indirect effects on intertidal food webs.
机译：潮间带的大多数生物是海洋起源的。许多都有分布到潮下带。陆地掠食者（例如哺乳动物和鸟类）在退潮时可能会剥削这些动物，并对潮间带食物网产生重大影响。几项研究表明，鸟类捕食者能够降低无柄和缓慢移动的潮间带无脊椎动物的密度，但是很少有研究考虑将动捕食性捕食者（如螃蟹）用于鸟类捕食。在这项研究中，我们调查了大黑背海鸥（Larus marinus Linnaeus）对三种螃蟹（北河蟹Stimpson，Cancer irroratus说和Carcinus maenas Linnaeus）的捕食。该研究是在缅因州的Appledore岛（一个海鸥繁殖岛）和整个缅因湾的其他8个地点进行的，其中包括繁殖岛和大陆地点。在Appledore岛上，潮间带和潮下带提供了海鸥巢中三分之一以上的猎物，而螃蟹则占了总残骸的很大一部分（约30％至40％）。同样，从潮间带收集的猎物残骸表明，螃蟹是迄今为止最常见的海洋猎物。与每个地点的预期相比，食用C.borealis的频率更高，而C.irroratus和C.maenas的食用频率则更低。在每个潮位低潮间带和潮间带较浅的区域，比较螃蟹的甲壳的数量和密度，我们估计海鸥在昼夜低潮时去除了15％到64％的北极衣藻。海鸥吃掉的空心菜的比例与海鸥菌落的接近程度无关。缅因州约97％的外海岸都位于繁殖岛20公里以内。因此，在夏季，整个缅因湾的螃蟹都可能发生海鸥的大量捕食。螃蟹是其他无脊椎动物的重要天敌。如果海鸥捕食减少了潮间带和浅潮下区域的螃蟹数量，那么海鸥可能会对潮间带食物网产生重要的间接影响。

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