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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology >Wasting disease and static environmental variables drive sea star assemblages in the Northern Gulf of Alaska
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Wasting disease and static environmental variables drive sea star assemblages in the Northern Gulf of Alaska

机译：浪费的疾病和静态的环境变量驱动阿拉斯加北部湾的海星组合

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摘要

Sea stars are ecologically important in rocky intertidal habitats where they can play an apex predator role, completely restructuring communities. The recent sea star die-off throughout the eastern Pacific, known as Sea Star Wasting Disease, has prompted a need to understand spatial and temporal patterns of sea star assemblages and the environmental variables that structure these assemblages. We examined spatial and temporal patterns in sea star assemblages (composition and density) across regions in the northern Gulf of Alaska and assessed the role of seven static environmental variables (distance to freshwater inputs, tidewater glacial presence, exposure to wave action, fetch, beach slope, substrate composition, and tidal range) in influencing sea star assemblage structure before and after sea star declines. Environmental variables correlated with sea star distribution can serve as proxies to environmental stressors, such as desiccation, attachment, and wave action. Intertidal sea star surveys were conducted annually from 2005 to 2018 at five sites in each of four regions that were between 100 and 420 km apart across the northern Gulf of Alaska. In the pre-disease years, assemblages were different among regions, correlated mostly to tidewater glacier presence, fetch, and tidal range. The assemblages after wasting disease were different from those before the event with lower diversity and lower density. In addition to these declines, the disease manifested itself at different times across the northern Gulf of Alaska and did not impact all species uniformly across sites. Post sea star wasting, there was a shift in the environmental variables that correlated with sea star structure, resulting in sea star assemblages being highly correlated with slope, fetch, and tidal range. In essence, sea star wasting disease resulted in a shift in the sea star assemblage that is now correlating with a slightly different combination of environmental variables. Understanding the delicate interplay of environmental variables that influence sea star assemblages could expand knowledge of the habitat preferences and tolerance ranges of important and relatively unstudied species within the northern Gulf of Alaska.
机译：海星在潮间带多岩石的栖息地中具有重要的生态意义，在这些栖息地中，海星可以发挥先头掠食者的作用，从而完全重建社区。最近在整个东太平洋出现的海星死亡，被称为海星浪费病，促使人们需要了解海星组合的时空格局以及构成这些组合的环境变量。我们研究了阿拉斯加北部海湾地区海星组合的时空格局（组成和密度），并评估了七个静态环境变量（到淡水输入的距离，潮水冰川存在，波浪作用的暴露，取水，海滩）的作用。坡度，基质成分和潮差）影响海星下降前后海星组合结构。与海星分布相关的环境变量可以充当环境压力源的代理，例如干燥，附着和波浪作用。从2005年到2018年，每年在整个阿拉斯加北部北部100个至420公里之间的四个区域中的五个地点进行潮间带海星调查。在疾病前期，区域之间的组合是不同的，主要与潮水冰川的存在，提取和潮汐范围有关。浪费疾病后的群体与事件发生前的群体不同，多样性和密度更低。除了这些下降外，该病还出现在阿拉斯加北部海湾的不同时间，并没有在各个地点统一影响所有物种。海星消散后，与海星结构相关的环境变量发生了变化，导致海星组合与坡度，取水和潮汐范围高度相关。从本质上讲，海星消瘦疾病导致海星组合发生变化，这种变化现在与环境变量的组合略有不同。了解影响海星组合的环境变量之间的微妙相互作用，可以扩大对阿拉斯加北部海湾重要和相对未研究物种的生境偏好和耐受范围的了解。

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