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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology >Effects of a habitat-modifying eelgrass epibiont on predator success and epifaunal survival
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Effects of a habitat-modifying eelgrass epibiont on predator success and epifaunal survival

机译：栖息地修饰的鳗草外生体对捕食者成功和表生存活的影响

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Structural complexity plays an important role in mediating predator-prey interactions. Structural elements can limit predator mobility and ability to detect prey, increasing prey survival. Seagrasses are marine plants that provide refuge for many fishes and invertebrates by increasing the structural complexity of the benthos. Though prey survival often is positively correlated with seagrass biomass or shoot density, seagrasses frequently are colonized by epibiotic organisms such as algae and colonial invertebrates, which could affect this relationship. In San Diego Bay, Thalamoporella californica Levinsen is a common rigid branching bryozoan that creates a three-dimensional structure within eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) canopies. We conducted laboratory mesocosm experiments in which we examined fish Heterostichus rostratus predator foraging behaviors and shrimp Hippolyte californiensis prey escape behavior with (i) different densities of artificial seagrass, both with and without artificial bryozoans, and (ii) constant seagrass density, but varying amounts of artificial bryozoans. We also conducted a laboratory habitat selection experiment to determine if H. rostratus prefer to forage in artificial eelgrass with or without the presence of artificial bryozoans, and a field experiment to determine whether bryozoan, eelgrass and algal biomasses influenced survivorship of tethered H. californiensis. In the lab, we found that increasing eelgrass density reduced predator foraging efficiency, but bryozoans did not alter this relationship. We also found that fish preferred foraging in artificial eelgrass without artificial bryozoans. In the field, the biomass of bryozoans, eelgrass and algae did not influence tethered shrimp relative survival. Our results suggest that it should not be assumed that alterations to habitat complexity alter the outcomes of predator-prey interactions in seagrass habitat.
机译：结构复杂性在介导捕食者与猎物之间的相互作用中起着重要作用。结构元素会限制捕食者的活动性和发现猎物的能力，从而增加猎物的生存率。海草是一种海洋植物，通过增加底栖动物的结构复杂性，为许多鱼类和无脊椎动物提供庇护。尽管猎物的生存通常与海草的生物量或枝条密度呈正相关，但海草经常被表观生物（例如藻类和无脊椎动物）定居，这可能会影响这种关系。在圣地亚哥湾，Thalaporella californica Levinsen是一种常见的刚性分支苔藓动物，在鳗草（Zostera marina L.）顶棚内形成三维结构。我们进行了实验室介观试验，在其中我们研究了（i）具有和没有人工苔藓虫的不同密度的人工海草，以及（ii）恒定的海草密度，但是数量各不相同的鱼类Heterostichus rostratus捕食者的觅食行为和对虾Hippolyte californiensis猎物的逃逸行为。人工苔藓动物。我们还进行了实验室栖息地选择实验，以确定是否需要在人工鳗鱼中饲喂带状线虫，而是否存在人工苔藓虫，以及是否进行野外试验来确定苔藓线虫，鳗草和藻类生物量是否会影响系绳带状线虫H.californiensis的存活。在实验室中，我们发现增加的鳗草密度降低了捕食者的觅食效率，但苔藓动物并没有改变这种关系。我们还发现，鱼类更喜欢在没有人工苔藓动物的人工鳗草中觅食。在野外，苔藓虫，鳗草和藻类的生物量不影响拴系虾的相对生存。我们的结果表明，不应假设栖息地复杂性的改变会改变海草栖息地中捕食者与猎物相互作用的结果。

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