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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology >Feces as food: The nutritional value of urchin feces and implications for benthic food webs
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Feces as food: The nutritional value of urchin feces and implications for benthic food webs

机译：作为食物的粪便：内核粪便的营养价值和底栖食品网的影响

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摘要

Algal subsidies are important to basal consumers of the deep benthos where there is little to no primary productivity. Algal detritus such as pieces of kelp that sink into deep habitats can be an important direct nutritional subsidy, but sea urchin feces may provide an additional, indirect energetic link from shallow -water macroalgae to benthic community members that are too small to handle and consume large detritus directly. Urchins digest macroalgae inefficiently, creating the potential for two key trophic consequences to the benthic food webs they live in. First, urchins act as marine 'shredders' creating smaller detrital particles from larger drift; second, the poor digestion may enable microbes to enrich the food value of both the digesta within the urchin guts, and the egesta (feces) after it leaves the gut. We quantified the relative nutritional value of algae and of feces of red and green sea urchins (Mesocentrotus franciscanus and Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) fed on monodiets of various algae in laboratory experiments. We then conducted feeding experiments with an epibenthic copepod (Tigriopus californicus) to evaluate consequences to a model consumer of different diets including feces. We also quantified assimilation efficiencies of red urchins fed a diet of bull kelp (Nereocystis luetkeana). In many cases, key indicators of nutritional value (especially calories and protein content) of algal material increased after being consumed and egested by urchins, and urchin feces "aged" in seawater generally became even more calorie -rich. Benthic copepods raised on diets of urchin feces derived from kelp had faster population growth than those raised on chopped fresh kelp tissue. It is likely that microbiota inside urchin guts are driving these counterintuitive results. The creation of nutritious feces could add to the importance of urchins as a link to benthic communities that rely heavily on detritus for their success.
机译：藻类补贴对于深度底栖体的基底消费者很重要，那里没有初级生产率。藻类碎屑，如海带，陷入深深的栖息地，可以是一个重要的直接营养补贴，但海胆粪便可以提供额外的，间接的精力充沛的联系从浅水大甲群到底栖社区成员，这太小而无法处理和消耗大直接碎屑。核苷缺钙，效力低下，创造了他们所居住的底栖食品网的两个关键营养后果的潜力。首先，核心作为海洋“粉碎者”从较大漂移产生较小的滴乳颗粒;其次，较差的消化可以使微生物能够在肠道留下肠道内的肠道内的蒸馏物和EGESTA（粪便）中的食物值。我们量化了藻类的相对营养价值和红绿海胆（Mesocentroots Franciscanus和Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis）在实验室实验中喂养的红绿沟和strondylocentrotus droebachiensis）。然后，我们用杂皮属桡足蛋白酶（Tigriopus Californicus）进行喂养实验，以评估对包括粪便在内的不同饮食的模型消费者的后果。我们还量化了喂养牛海藻饮食的红核（Inecocystis Luetkeana）的同化效率。在许多情况下，藻类中藻类材料的营养价值（尤其是卡路里和蛋白质含量）的关键指标在被血上消耗和例如血管造成的藻类，海水中的核素粪便“老化”普遍变得更加热量。在源自海带衍生的内核粪便饮食中提出的底栖蛋白酶比在切碎的新鲜海藻组织上饲养的人群更快。在核心肠道内微生物群可能推动这些违反直觉结果。营养丰富的粪便可能会增加核素的重要性，作为靠近贝尔希族社区的联系，依赖碎屑的成功。

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