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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology >Fear-induced behavioural modifications in damselfishes can be diver-triggered
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Fear-induced behavioural modifications in damselfishes can be diver-triggered

机译：恐惧诱导的毒儿系中的行为修饰可以是潜水员触发的

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Fear is a short-term response arisen from the way an animal perceives its environment when some threat makes it insecure. Thus, the risk perception of predation shapes the cost-benefit decisions associated with food and safety in animal communities. Even non-consumptive human-related activities such as ecotourism may influence species behavioural traits. Marine wildlife tourism might produce different impacts on organisms, stressing and modifying (directly or indirectly) species behaviour, physiology and habitat use. Understand the effects of human presence on site-attached fish' behaviour is crucial to elucidate how dive-tourism could shape their limited-range seascape. Given the importance of the territorial damselfishes as reef farmers and 'ecosystems engineers', here we investigated if the presence of SCUBA divers and snorkelers can disrupt the foraging and territorial defence of the Dusky damselfish, Stegastes fuscus. Experimental approaches (diver presence and absence) were applied in 30 territories of S. fuscus using underwater remote video cameras. Behavioural responses were analysed by considering the frequency of refuge, foraging and chase behaviours. Both recreational dive activities had an analogous role in frighten and disturb the Dusky damselfish activities. Considering the frequency of behaviours displayed in diver's absence vs presence, S. fuscus increased its refuge times from approximately 2% to 50% on SCUBA diver presence and from 9% to 43% in snorkeler presence. It is directly linked to the missed feeding opportunities, which reduced by half during both diver's presence. Damselfish's aggressiveness proportionally dropped (0.3%) during SCUBA diver presence but increased (2.4%) while snorkeler was present. However, the average frequency of chase behaviour reduced with both divers' approach. Interruptions in damselfish behaviour may modify the resource monopolization and productivity inside their territories, affecting its relationships with other species beyond the boundaries of their territoriality, and leading a possible change on its functional role in the reef community. Territorial reef fish behaviour and their relationship with divers' presence can provide a more holistic comprehension regarding the seascape of fear concept and could be useful as an indicator of human disturbances.
机译：恐惧是一种短期反应，从动物在某些威胁使其不安全时感知其环境。因此，捕食的风险感知将与动物群落中的食物和安全相关的成本效益决策塑造了与食物和安全相关的成本效益决策。即使是非消耗性的人类相关的活动，如生态旅游可能会影响物种行为特征。海洋野生动物旅游可能会对生物体产生不同的影响，强调和改变（直接或间接）种类，生理学和栖息地使用。了解人类存在对现场附带的鱼类的影响对阐明潜水旅游如何塑造其有限的海景至关重要。鉴于领土叶虫的重要性作为珊瑚礁农民和“生态系统工程师”，在这里，我们调查了潜水潜水员和浮潜的存在，如果存在潜水员和浮潜的存在，可能会扰乱Dusky Damselfish的觅食和领土防御，斯蒂芬斯·斯佩卡斯。使用水下遥控摄像机在S. Fuscus的30个地区应用了实验方法（潜水员存在和缺席）。通过考虑避难，觅食和追逐行为的频率来分析行为响应。休闲潜水活动都在吓唬和扰乱了昏暗的甜点活动中具有类似的作用。考虑到潜水员缺席中显示的行为的频率，S. FUSCUS在水肺潜水员存在下增加其避难时间从大约2％到50％的潜水员存在，并且在浮潜的情况下从9％到43％。它与错过的喂养机会直接相关，这两次潜水员的存在期间减少了一半。在水肺潜水员的存在下，算假毒害的侵略性在潜水员存在下逐渐下降（0.3％），但在浮潜时增加（2.4％）。然而，追逐行为的平均频率减少了潜水员的方法。霉菌行为中断可能会修改其领土内的资源垄断和生产力，影响其与其他物种的关系，超出了其领土的界限，以及在珊瑚礁群落中引发其功能作用的可能变化。领土礁鱼行为及其与潜水员的关系的关系可以为恐惧概念的海景提供更全面的理解，并且可以作为人类扰动的指标。

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