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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Geodesy >On the application of the raw-observation-based PPP to global ionosphere VTEC modeling: an advantage demonstration in the multi-frequency and multi-GNSS context
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On the application of the raw-observation-based PPP to global ionosphere VTEC modeling: an advantage demonstration in the multi-frequency and multi-GNSS context

机译：基于原始观测的PPP在全球电离层VTEC建模中的应用：在多频率和多GNSS环境中的优势展示

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The ionospheric delay accounts for one of the major errors that the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) suffer from. Hence, the global ionosphere Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) map has been an important atmospheric product within the International GNSS Service (IGS) since its early establishment. In this contribution, an enhanced method has been proposed for the modeling of the global VTECs, in which the enhancements include two aspects. Firstly, to cope with the rapid development of the newly established Galileo and BeiDou constellations in recent years, we extend the current dual-system (GPS/GLONASS) solution to a quad-system (GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/BeiDou) solution. More importantly, instead of using dual-frequency observations based on the Carrier-to-Code Leveling method, all available triple-frequency signals are utilized with a general raw-observation-based multi-frequency Precise Point Positioning model, which can process dual-, triple- or even arbitrary-frequency observations compatibly and flexibly. Benefiting from this, quad-system slant ionospheric delays can be retrieved based on multi-frequency observations in a more flexible, accurate and reliable way, which are finally used to establish global VTEC models with the spherical harmonic function. In this process, multi-GNSS Differential Code Biases (DCBs) are also estimated as by-products. More than 400 globally distributed stations from the IGS and the Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) networks have been processed in both 2014 (with high solar activity) and 2018 (with low solar activity). Global VTECs have been compared with the IGS final products, and the over-ocean VTECs are validated with the results from the JASON altimeter. The mean RMS values of the VTEC differences are 1.84 (2014) and 1.23 (2018) TECUs with respect to the IGS final products. The standard deviations of the VTEC differences with respect to the JASON results are 4.71 (2014) and 2.82 (2018) TECUs, outperforming all the other products generated with the spherical harmonic function. Additionally, multi-GNSS satellite DCBs have also been validated with the existing products from the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe and MGEX. All the results prove that the proposed method can be used as an effective and accurate approach for global VTEC modeling and DCB estimation, especially in the future multi-frequency and multi-GNSS context.
机译：电离层延迟是全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）遭受的主要错误之一。因此，自全球电离层垂直总电子含量（VTEC）图表成立以来，一直是国际GNSS服务（IGS）内的重要大气产品。在此贡献中，已提出了一种用于全局VTEC建模的增强方法，其中增强包括两个方面。首先，为了应对近年来新成立的伽利略和北斗星座的快速发展，我们将当前的双系统（GPS / GLONASS）解决方案扩展到了四系统（GPS / GLONASS / Galileo / BeiDou）解决方案。更重要的是，不是使用基于载波编码均衡方法的双频观测，而是将所有可用的三频信号与基于原始观测的多频精确点定位模型一起使用，该模型可以处理双频，三频甚至任意频率的观测结果兼容且灵活。得益于此，可以基于多频观测以更灵活，准确和可靠的方式检索四系统倾斜电离层延迟，最终将其用于建立具有球谐函数的全局VTEC模型。在此过程中，多GNSS差分代码偏差（DCB）也被估计为副产品。 2014年（太阳活动高）和2018年（太阳活动低）都处理了来自IGS和Multi-GNSS实验（MGEX）网络的400多个全球分布的台站。已将全球VTEC与IGS最终产品进行了比较，并使用JASON高度计的结果验证了海洋VTEC。对于IGS最终产品，VTEC差异的均方根值分别为1.84（2014）和1.23（2018）TECU。 VTEC差异相对于JASON结果的标准偏差为4.71（2014）和2.82（2018）TECU，胜过使用球谐函数生成的所有其他乘积。此外，多GNSS卫星DCB也已通过欧洲轨道确定中心和MGEX的现有产品进行了验证。所有结果证明，该方法可作为一种有效且准确的方法用于全局VTEC建模和DCB估计，尤其是在未来的多频和多GNSS环境中。

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