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Three-dimensional strain tensor estimation by GPS observations: methodological aspects and geophysical applications

机译：GPS观测的三维应变张量估计：方法论方面和地球物理应用

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摘要

The aim of this paper is to describe the theoretical fundamentals, the main features and some geophysical applications of a software (STRAINGPS) suitably implemented to estimate the strain tensor from repeated GPS surveys of deformation control networks. Current softwares developed for geophysical applications generally estimate or compute bi-dimensional strain, since this is the most requested use. On the contrary, this software allows for a three-dimensional (3D) estimate of the strain tensor and does not need a subdivision of the network in triangles. It accounts for all the significant coordinate differences (or velocities) coming from repeated surveys and estimates the strain tensor components by the least squares method, starting from the hypothesis of one homogeneous strain field. Moreover, some tests to control both model adequacy and detecting outliers are performed, allowing a subdivision of the field into sub-domains with homogeneous strain field. We applied this software to three real geophysical situations. The first concerns the geodynamic (long term) induced deformation at regional scale, by estimating extensional strain rate ((0.22 +- 0.06) x 10~(-7)) per year in central-southern Italy across the Apennines chain; the second is co-seismic strain by the assessment of the strike slip style of the Molise (central-southern Italy) earthquakes (31 October and 1 November 2002); the last regards the subsidence induced strain in the Travale-Radicondoli (central Italy) exploitation area.
机译：本文的目的是描述适用于从变形控制网络的重复GPS测量估算应变张量的软件（STRAINGPS）的理论基础，主要特征和某些地球物理应用。目前，为地球物理应用开发的软件通常会估算或计算二维应变，因为这是最需要的用途。相反，该软件允许对应变张量进行三维（3D）估计，并且不需要将网络细分为三角形。它考虑了来自重复测量的所有显着的坐标差（或速度），并从最小均方法的假设出发，通过最小二乘法估算了应变张量分量。此外，还进行了一些控制模型充分性和检测异常值的测试，从而可以将场细分为具有均匀应变场的子域。我们将此软件应用于三个实际地球物理情况。第一个问题是通过估计整个亚平宁山脉中意大利中南部每年的拉伸应变率（（0.22 +-0.06）x 10〜（-7））来估计区域尺度上的地球动力学（长期）诱发的变形；第二个是通过评估莫利塞（意大利中南部）地震（2002年10月31日和2002年11月1日）的走滑样式而引起的同震应变；最后是关于Travale-Radicondoli（意大利中部）开采区的塌陷诱发应变。

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