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Measuring tectonic seafloor deformation and strain-build up with acoustic direct-path ranging

机译：利用声波直接测距法测量构造海底变形和应变累积

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摘要

The Earth's ocean floor deforms continuously under the influence of plate tectonic processes. In recent years, the development of deep-sea instruments using acoustic direct-path ranging allows observations of ocean floor deformation with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. Due to rapid technological progress, acoustic ranging emerged as a central research field to monitor seafloor deformation. Here we review recent developments and the progress of direct-path ranging applications. We discuss the methodology and examine the effects of the oceanographic environment on the measurement precision. Comparing the resolution of previous deployments, we find that the baseline uncertainty increases linearly with baseline length, at least for distances up to 3 km, but with different linear relations for each deployment. Measurements of displacement at millimeter-level precision across normal, thrust or strike-slip faults are discussed to evaluate the influence of dedicated network designs appropriate for the discrete fault geometries. Furthermore, tectonically quiet areas, such as flanks of coastal or ocean island volcanoes and passive continental margins pose substantial hazards that often lack in-situ monitoring and are therefore a significant target for the application of seafloor geodetic techniques.
机译：在板块构造过程的影响下，地球的海床不断变形。近年来，利用声波直接测距技术开发的深海仪器允许以前所未有的时空分辨率观察海床变形。由于技术的飞速发展，声学测距已成为监测海床变形的中心研究领域。在这里，我们回顾了最新发展以及直接路径测距应用程序的进展。我们讨论了该方法，并研究了海洋环境对测量精度的影响。比较先前部署的分辨率，我们发现基线不确定度随基线长度线性增加，至少对于3 km以下的距离而言，但每种部署的线性关系不同。讨论了在法向，推力或走滑断层上以毫米级精度进行的位移测量，以评估适用于离散断层几何形状的专用网络设计的影响。此外，构造安静的区域，例如沿海或海洋岛屿火山的侧面和被动大陆边缘，构成了严重的危险，往往缺乏现场监测，因此是应用海底大地测量技术的重要目标。

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