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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of great lakes research >A brief history of the U.S. EPA Great Lakes National Program Office's water quality survey
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A brief history of the U.S. EPA Great Lakes National Program Office's water quality survey

机译：美国EPA大湖国家计划办公室水质调查的简要历史

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摘要

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Great Lakes National Program Office (GLNPO) water quality survey (WQS) constitutes the longest-running, most extensive monitoring of water quality and the lower trophic level biota of the Laurentian Great Lakes, and has been instrumental in tracking shifts in nutrients and the lower food web over the past several decades. The initial impetus for regular monitoring of the Great Lakes was provided by the 1972 Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (GLWQA) which asked the parties to develop monitoring and surveillance programs to ensure compliance with the goals of the agreement. The resulting monitoring plan, eventually known as the Great Lakes International Surveillance Plan (GLISP), envisioned a nine-year rotation of intensive surveys of the five lakes. A broadening of the scope of the GLWQA in 1978 and the completion of the first nine-year cycle of sampling, prompted reappraisals of the GLISP. During this pause, and using knowledge gained from GLISP, GLNPO initiated an annual WQS with the narrower focus of tracking water quality changes and plankton communities in the offshore waters of the lakes. Beginning in 1983 with lakes Erie, Huron, and Michigan, the WQS added Lake Ontario in 1986 and Lake Superior in 1992, evolving into its current form in which all five lakes are sampled twice a year. The WQS is unique in that all five lakes are sampled by one agency, using one vessel and one principal laboratory for each parameter group, and represents an invaluable resource for managing and understanding the Great Lakes. (C) 2018 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：美国环境保护局大湖国家计划办公室（GLNPO）的水质调查（WQS）是运行时间最长，范围最广的水质和劳伦大湖的营养级别较低的生物区系，并且在跟踪变化方面发挥了作用在过去的几十年中营养物质和食物网的减少。 1972年《大湖水质协议》（GLWQA）为定期监视大湖提供了最初的动力，该协议要求双方制定监视和监视计划以确保遵守协议的目标。由此产生的监控计划最终被称为大湖国际监视计划（GLISP），它设想对五个湖泊进行一次为期9年的密集调查。 1978年扩大了GLWQA的范围，并完成了第一个九年采样周期，这促使对GLISP进行了重新评估。在此暂停期间，GLNPO借助从GLISP获得的知识，启动了年度WQS，其重点是追踪湖泊的近海水质变化和浮游生物群落。从1983年开始，伊利湖，休伦湖和密歇根州的湖泊开始在1986年加入安大略湖，1992年又加入苏必利尔湖，发展成为现在的形式，每年对五个湖泊进行两次采样。 WQS的独特之处在于，所有五个湖泊均由一个机构采样，每个参数组使用一艘船和一个主要实验室进行采样，并且代表了管理和了解五大湖的宝贵资源。 （C）2018国际大湖研究协会。由Elsevier B.V.发布。保留所有权利。

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