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Reliability of chemical microanalyses for solid waste materials

机译：固体废料化学微量分析的可靠性

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摘要

The investigation of solid speciation of metals and metalloids is required for accurate assessment of the hazardous properties of solid waste materials from high-temperature technologies (slag, bottom ash, fly ash, air-pollution-control residues). This paper deals with the problem of reliability of microanalyses using a combination of electron microprobe analysis (EPMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) only. These methods do not permit to detect nanophases in host-crystals and lead to erroneous interpretation of analytical results, considering the elements of nanophases as belonging to the crystal structure of the main phase. More detailed analysis using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on foils prepared by focused ion beam (FIB) can be used to solve this analytical problem. In this study, lamellar aggregates of potassium-rich clinopyroxenes were detected in copper smelting slags by a combination of SEM and EPMA. However, FIB-TEM indicated the presence of leucite inclusions (tens to hundreds nm in size) within the clinopyroxene lamellae. Based on examples from smelting slags and other solid waste materials, recommendations for standard SEM and EPMA applications and the need for methods with higher resolution for mineralogical investigation of waste materials are discussed.
机译：需要对金属和准金属的固体形态进行研究，才能准确评估高温技术（炉渣，底灰，粉煤灰，空气污染控制残留物）产生的固体废物的危险特性。本文仅将电子探针分析（EPMA）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）结合使用来解决微量分析的可靠性问题。考虑到纳米相的元素属于主相的晶体结构，这些方法不允许检测基质晶体中的纳米相并导致对分析结果的错误解释。使用透射电子显微镜（TEM）对由聚焦离子束（FIB）制备的箔进行更详细的分析可用于解决此分析问题。在这项研究中，通过结合使用SEM和EPMA在铜冶炼炉渣中检测到了富含钾的斜环茂铁的层状聚集体。然而，FIB-TEM表明在斜辉石片中存在白云石夹杂物（尺寸为数十至数百nm）。基于冶炼炉渣和其他固体废料的实例，讨论了标准SEM和EPMA应用的建议以及对废料进行矿物学研究的高分辨率方法的需求。

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  • 来源
    《Journal of Hazardous Materials》 |2012年第30期|p.298-302|共5页
  • 作者

    Vojtech Ettler; Zdenek Johan; Martina Vitkova; Skala; Marek Kotrly; Gerlinde Habler; Mariana Klementova;

  • 作者单位

    Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Albertov 6, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic;

    Bureau des Recherches Geologiques et Minie'res (BRGM), av. Claude Guillemin, 45060 Orleans, Cedex 2, France;

    Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Albertov 6, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic;

    Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Albertov 6, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic,Institute of Geology of the ASCR, v.v.i., Rozvojovi 269.165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic;

    Institute ofCriminalistics Prague, P.O. Box 62/KUP, Strojnicka 27,170 89 Prague 7. Czech Republic;

    Department of Lithospheric Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;

    Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the AS CR, v.v.i., 250 68 Husinec-kei, Czech Republic;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    solid speciation; contaminants; electron probe microanalysis; FIB-TEM; slag;

    机译：坚实的物种;污染物;电子探针显微分析纤维TEM矿渣;

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