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The dynamics of the smoking wage penalty

机译：吸烟工资罚款的动态

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摘要

Cigarette smokers earn significantly less than nonsmokers, but the magnitude of the smoking wage gap and the pathways by which it originates are unclear. Proposed mechanisms often focus on spot differences in employee productivity or employer preferences, neglecting the dynamic nature of human capital development and addiction. In this paper, we formulate a dynamic model of young workers as they transition from schooling to the labor market, a period in which the lifetime trajectory of wages is being developed. We estimate the model with data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 Cohort, and we simulate the model under counterfactual scenarios that isolate the contemporaneous effects of smoking from dynamic differences in human capital accumulation and occupational selection. Results from our preferred model, which accounts for unobserved heterogeneity in the joint determination of smoking, human capital, labor supply, and wages, suggest that continued heavy smoking in young adulthood results in a wage penalty at age 30 of 15.9% and 15.2% for women and men, respectively. These differences are much smaller than the raw difference in means in wages at age 30. We show that the contemporaneous effect of heavy smoking net of any life-cycle effects explains 62.9% of the female smoking wage gap but only 20.4% of the male smoking wage gap.
机译：香烟吸烟者赚得明显低于非吸烟者，而是吸烟工资差距的大小和它起源的途径尚不清楚。拟议的机制往往侧重于员工生产力或雇主偏好的现场差异，忽视人力资本开发和成瘾的动态性质。在本文中，我们向劳动力市场转变为劳动力市场时，制定了一个动态的年轻工人的动态模型，这是一个正在制定工资的终身轨迹的期间。我们估计了来自1997年队列的国家纵向调查的数据模型，我们在反事实情况下模拟了模型，阐明了人力资本积累和职业选择中吸烟的同时效应。我们首选模型的结果，该模型在联合测定吸烟，人力资本，劳动力供应和工资方面占不切实际的异质性，表明，年轻的成年期持续重重吸烟导致30岁的工资罚款15.9％和15.2％妇女和男子分别。这些差异远小于30岁时工资的原始差异。我们表明，任何生命周期效应的重型吸烟网的同类效果解释了女性吸烟工资差距的62.9％，但只有20.4％的男性吸烟工资差距。

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