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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of health economics >Evergreening, patent challenges, and effective market life in pharmaceuticals
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Evergreening, patent challenges, and effective market life in pharmaceuticals

机译：药品的常绿化，专利挑战和有效的市场生命

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Observers worry that generic patent challenges are on the rise and reduce the effective market life of drugs. A related concern is that challenges disproportionately target high-sales drugs, reducing market life for these "blockbusters." To study these questions, we examine new data on generic entry over the past decade. We show that challenges are more common for higher sales drugs. We also demonstrate a slight increase in challenges over this period, and a sharper increase for early challenges. Despite this, effective market life is stable across drug sales categories, and has hardly changed over the decade. To better understand these results, we examine which patents are challenged on each drug, and show that lower quality and later expiring patents disproportionately draw challenges. Overall, this evidence suggests that challenges serve to maintain, not reduce, the historical baseline of effective market life, thereby limiting the effectiveness of "evergreening" by branded firms.
机译：观察者担心，仿制药专利的挑战正在增加，并缩短了药物的有效市场寿命。一个相关的担忧是，挑战主要针对高价药品，从而缩短了这些“重磅炸弹”的市场寿命。为了研究这些问题，我们研究了过去十年来有关仿制药进入的新数据。我们表明，挑战性更高的药品更普遍。我们还表明，在此期间挑战的数量略有增加，而早期挑战的数量则急剧增加。尽管如此，有效的市场寿命在各种药品销售类别中都是稳定的，并且在过去十年中几乎没有变化。为了更好地理解这些结果，我们检查了每种药物都面临哪些专利挑战，并表明质量较低且专利过期的专利不成比例地带来了挑战。总体而言，这一证据表明，挑战有助于维持而不是减少有效市场寿命的历史基线，从而限制了品牌企业“长青”的有效性。

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