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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Health Services Research & Policy >Factors contributing to nursing leadership: a systematic review
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Factors contributing to nursing leadership: a systematic review

机译：促进护理领导的因素：系统评价

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Objectives: Leadership practices of health care managers can positively or negatively influence outcomes for organizations, providers and, ultimately, patients. Understanding the factors that contribute to nursing leadership is fundamental to ensuring a future supply of nursing leaders who can positively influence outcomes for health care providers and patients. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the multidisciplinary literature to examine the factors that contribute to nursing leadership and the effectiveness of educational interventions in developing leadership behaviours among nurses. nnMethods: The search strategy began with 10 electronic databases (e.g. CINAHL, Medline). Published quantitative studies were included that examined the factors that contribute to leadership or the development of leadership behaviours in nurse leaders. Quality assessments, data extraction and analysis were completed on all included studies. nnResults: A total of 27,717 titles/abstracts were screened resulting in 26 included manuscripts reporting on 24 studies. Twenty leadership factors were examined and categorized into four groups – behaviours and practices of individual leaders, traits and characteristics of individual leaders, influences of context and practice settings, and leader participation in educational activities. Specific behaviours and practices of individual leaders, such as taking on or practising leadership styles, skills and roles, were reported as significantly influencing leadership in eight studies. Traits and characteristics of individual leaders were examined in six studies with previous leadership experience (three studies) and education levels (two of three studies) having positive effects on observed leadership. Context and practice settings had a moderate influence on leadership effectiveness (three of five studies). Nine studies that examined participation in leadership development programs all reported significant positive influences on observed leadership. nnConclusion: These findings suggest that leadership can be developed through specific educational activities, and by modelling and practising leadership competencies. However, the relatively weak study designs provide limited evidence for specific factors that could increase the effectiveness of current nursing leadership or guide the identification of future nurse leaders. Robust theory and research on interventions to develop and promote viable nursing leadership for the future are needed to achieve the goal of developing healthy work environments for health care providers and optimizing care for patients.
机译：目标：卫生保健管理人员的领导实践可以对组织，提供者乃至患者最终产生积极或消极影响。了解有助于护理领导的因素，对于确保将来能为护理提供者和患者带来积极影响的护理领导提供至关重要的基础。这项研究的目的是系统地回顾多学科文献，以检查有助于护理领导的因素以及在护士中发展领导行为的教育干预措施的有效性。 nn方法：搜索策略始于10个电子数据库（例如CINAHL，Medline）。包括已发表的定量研究，研究了导致护士领导者领导能力或领导行为发展的因素。所有纳入研究均完成了质量评估，数据提取和分析。结果：总共筛选了27,717个标题/摘要，导致26份包括手稿的研究报告了24项研究。检查了20个领导因素，并将其分为四类：单个领导者的行为和实践，单个领导者的特征和特征，环境和实践环境的影响以及领导者参与教育活动。在八项研究中，据报告，个别领导者的特定行为和做法，例如担任或实践领导者的风格，技能和角色，对领导力产生重大影响。在具有先前领导经验（三项研究）和受教育水平（三项研究中的两项）的六项研究中，对单个领导者的特征和特征进行了研究，这些研究对观察到的领导力有积极的影响。背景和实践环境对领导效能有中等影响（五项研究中的三项）。九项研究对领导力发展计划的参与进行了研究，均对观察到的领导力产生了显着的积极影响。 nn结论：这些发现表明，可以通过特定的教育活动以及通过建模和实践领导能力来发展领导能力。但是，相对较弱的研究设计为某些特定因素提供的证据有限，这些特定因素可能会提高当前护理领导者的有效性或指导未来护士领导者的识别。为了实现为医疗保健提供者开发健康的工作环境并优化对患者的护理的目标，需要针对未来发展和提升可行的护理领导力的干预措施进行鲁棒的理论和研究。

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