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On the Cooling of Electronics With Nanofluids

机译：纳米流体对电子的冷却

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摘要

Nanofluids have been proposed to improve the performance of microchannel heat sinks. In this paper, we present a systematic characterization of aqueous silica nanoparticle suspensions with concentrations up to 31 vol %. We determined the particle morphology by transmission electron microscope imaging and its dispersion status by dynamic light scattering measurements. The thermophysical properties of the fluids, namely, their specific heat, density, thermal conductivity, and dynamic viscosity were experimentally measured. We fabricated microchannel heat sinks with three different channel widths and characterized their thermal performance as a function of volumetric flow rate for silica nanofluids at concentrations by volume of 0%, 5%, 16%, and 31%. The Nusselt number was extracted from the experimental results and compared with the theoretical predictions considering the change of fluids bulk properties. We demonstrated a deviation of less than 10% between the experiments and the predictions. Hence, standard correlations can be used to estimate the convective heat transfer of nanofluids. In addition, we applied a one-dimensional model of the heat sink, validated by the experiments. We predicted the potential of nanofluids to increase the performance of microchannel heat sinks. To this end, we varied the individual thermophysical properties of the coolant and studied their impact on the heat sink performance. We demonstrated that the relative thermal conductivity enhancement must be larger than the relative viscosity increase in order to gain a sizeable performance benefit. Furthermore, we showed that it would be preferable to increase the volumetric heat capacity of the fluid instead of increasing its thermal conductivity.
机译：已经提出了纳米流体来改善微通道散热器的性能。在本文中，我们对浓度高达31％（体积）的二氧化硅纳米颗粒水悬浮液进行了系统表征。我们通过透射电子显微镜成像确定了颗粒形态，并通过动态光散射测量确定了其分散状态。通过实验测量了流体的热物理性质，即它们的比热，密度，热导率和动态粘度。我们制造了具有三种不同通道宽度的微通道散热器，并表征了其热性能与浓度为0％，5％，16％和31％的二氧化硅纳米流体体积流量的关系。从实验结果中提取了Nusselt数，并将其与考虑流体体积特性变化的理论预测值进行了比较。我们证明了实验与预测之间的偏差小于10％。因此，标准相关性可用于估计纳米流体的对流传热。此外，我们应用了散热器的一维模型，并通过实验进行了验证。我们预测了纳米流体增加微通道散热器性能的潜力。为此，我们改变了冷却剂的各个热物理性质，并研究了它们对散热器性能的影响。我们证明，相对热导率的提高必须大于相对粘度的提高，才能获得可观的性能优势。此外，我们表明，增加流体的体积热容而不是增加其热导率将是更可取的。

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  • 来源
    《Journal of Heat Transfer》 |2011年第5期|p.14-24|共11页
  • 作者

    W. Escher; T. Brunschwiler; N. Shalkevich; A. Shalkevich; T. Burgi; B. Michel; D. Poulikakos;

  • 作者单位

    IBM Research GmbH,Zurich Research Laboratory,8803 Riischlikon, Switzerland;

    rnDepartment ot Mechanical and Process Engineering,Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies,ETH Zurich,8092 Zurich, Switzerland;

    rnIBM Research GmbH,Zurich Research Laboratory,8803 Riischlikon, Switzerland;

    rnLaboratoire de chimie physique des surfaces,'Institut de Physique,Universite de Neuchatel,Rue Emile-Argand 11,2009-Neuchatel, Switzerland;

    rnAdolphe Merkle Institute,Universite' de Fribourg,P.O. Box 20911,CH-1723 Marly 1, Switzerland;

    rnLaboratoire de chimie physique des surfaces,Institut de Physique,Universite de Neuchatel,Rue Emile-Argand 11,2009-Neuchatel, Switzerland;

    rnPhysikalisch-Chemisches Institut,Ruprecht-Karls-Universitat Heidelberg,Im Neuenheimer Feld 253,69120 Heidelberg, Germany;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    nanofluid; nanoparticle; suspension; thermal conductivity; convective heat transfer; electronics cooling; experiment;

    机译：纳米流体纳米粒子悬挂;导热系数;对流换热;电子冷却实验;

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