Direct measurement of vegetation resistance in prototype scale

A. ARMANINI; M. RIGHETTI; P. GRISENTI

首页> 外文期刊>Journal of hydraulic research >Direct measurement of vegetation resistance in prototype scale

【24h】

Direct measurement of vegetation resistance in prototype scale

机译：以原型比例直接测量植被抵抗力

获取原文

获取原文并翻译 | 示例

掌桥外文数据库（机构版） >>

开具论文收录证明 >>

文献代查 >>

页面导航

摘要
著录项
相似文献
相关主题

摘要

The hydrodynarnic force exerted by water stream on series of isolated willows of several size and foliage at full scale is experimentally analysed. The plants were both fully and partially submerged by the flow. The hydrodynamic resistance was measured by means of a properly designed force transducer. The plants drag coefficient is evaluated considering the willows equivalent to a series of rigid isolated cylinders; the estimated values of the drag coefficient are close to the theoretical values expected for the isolated cylinder and, due to the willows flexibility, decreases with the plant's Reynolds number. The measurements allow to evaluate the effect of plant stiffness on drag: a linear relation between force and the square of velocity is determined for the tallest, partially submerged, rigid willows; a linear increase of drag force with flow velocity is observed for the flexible plants in completely submerged conditions, due to streamlining (bending of trunk and shrinking of branches) and consequent decrease of the drag coefficient and of the momentum absorbing area. Finally it is clearly found out the great contribution given by the foliage to the global resistance of the plant; this contribution reaches the 40% of the overall drag in present experiments.%L'hydrodynamique la force exercée par un courant d'eau sur des séries de saules isolés de tailles et feuillages différents est expérimentalement analysé à l'échelle prototype. Les arbres étaient à la fois entièrement et partiellement submergés par l'écoulement. La résistance hydrodynamique a été mesurée à l'aide d'un capteur de force spécialement conçu. Le coefficient de traînée des arbres est évalué en considérant les saules équivalents à une série de cylindres rigides isolés; les valeurs estimées du coefficient de traînée sont proches des valeurs théoriques prévues pour un cylindre isolé et, en raison de la flexibilité des saules, diminuent avec le nombre de Reynolds des arbres. Les mesures permettent d'évaluer l'effet de la rigidité des arbres sur la tramée: une relation linéaire entre la force et le carré de la vitesse est observée pour les plus grands saules, partiellement submergés et rigides; une variation linéaire de la force de résistance avec la vitesse d'écoulement est observée pour les arbres flexibles complètement submergés, à cause d'un certain profilage (courbure du tronc et repliement des branches) entraînant une diminution du coefficient de traînée et du maître couple. Enfin la forte contribution du feuillage à la résistance globale de l'arbre est clairement établie; cette contribution atteint les quarante pour cent de la traînée globale dans les présentes expériences.

机译：实验分析了水流对一系列大小不一的柳树和全尺寸的柳树施加的水动力作用。植物全部或部分地被水淹没。水力阻力是通过适当设计的力传感器测量的。考虑到与一系列刚性隔离圆柱体等效的柳树，评估植物的阻力系数。阻力系数的估计值接近隔离圆柱体的预期理论值，并且由于柳树的柔韧性，随植物的雷诺数而减小。这些测量值可以评估植物刚度对阻力的影响：对于最高，部分淹没的刚性柳树，应确定力与速度平方之间的线性关系；由于流线型（主干弯曲和分支收缩），并且在随后的阻力系数和动量吸收面积减小的情况下，在完全淹没的条件下，柔性植物的阻力随流速呈线性增加。最后，清楚地发现了叶子对植物的整体抗性的巨大贡献。在当前实验中，这一贡献达到了总阻力的40％。动力和动力测试的不同方面的差异以及原型的原型研究。享有全部权利和参与权的淹没法》。水力动力学与力量保护特别专员。严格意义上的公正，公正，公正，公正的原则力拓的价格评估专家小组，柔弱的密封性和轻巧的雷诺之道。保证永久不变的评估和评估：与欧洲观察员，观察员和观察员之间的联系；以及参与淹没和僵化的行动；变种产油国和产地的观察所之间的差异，是由于某种程度的外观（分支机构的生产能力和复制能力）造成的。 Éberlie可持续发展全球事业勋章cette贡献dans lesprésentes的全球贸易日。

著录项

来源
《Journal of hydraulic research》 |2005年第5期|p.481-487|共7页
作者
A. ARMANINI; M. RIGHETTI; P. GRISENTI;
展开▼
作者单位

CUDAM—Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Trento, via Mesiano 77, 38050 Trento, Italy;

展开▼
收录信息美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);
原文格式 PDF
正文语种 eng
中图分类流体力学;
关键词
vegetated channels; river hydraulics; hydrodynamic resistance;

机译：植被通道;河水力学;水动力阻力;

相似文献

外文文献
中文文献
专利

1. Studies of a full-scale mechanical prototype line for the ANTARES neutrino telescope and tests of a prototype instrument for deep-sea acoustic measurements [J] . M. Ageron, J.A. Aguilar, A. Albert, Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research . 2007,第3期

机译：用于ANTARES中微子望远镜的全尺寸机械原型生产线的研究和用于深海声学测量的原型仪器的测试
2. A Note on Alternatively Direct Measurement of the Transfer Resistance over Vegetation [J] . ZHILIN ZHU, XIAOMIN SUN, RENHUA ZHANG, Journal of atmospheric and oceanic technology . 2002,第11期

机译：关于直接测量植被传递阻力的另一种注意事项
3. Scaling photosynthetic function and CO 2 dynamics from leaf to canopy level for maize – dataset combining diurnal and seasonal measurements of vegetation fluorescence, reflectance and vegetation indices with canopy gross ecosystem productivity [J] . Petya Campbell, Elizabeth Middleton, Karl Huemmrich, Data in Brief . 2021,第a期

机译：缩放光合作用函数和CO 2 从叶片到玉米冠层水平的动态 - 数据集与植被荧光的昼夜季节性测量相结合，具有冠层粗糙生态系统生产率的植被荧光，反射率和植被指数
4. PROTOTYPE-SCALE FLUME EXPERIMENTS ON HYDRAULIC ROUGHNESS OF SUBMERGED VEGETATION [C] . D.G. MEIJER, E.H. VAN VELZEN Biennial congress of the International Association for Hydraulics Research . 1999

机译：浸没植被液压粗糙度的原型尺度水力试验
5. A study of soil moisture variability and vegetation greenness dynamics in a mountainous rangeland watershed using direct measurements, remote sensing, and modeling. [D] . Pandit, Kala Nidhi. 1999

机译：利用直接测量，遥感和建模技术研究了山区牧场流域的土壤水分变异性和植被绿色动态。
6. Fast consensus in a large-scale multi-agent system with directed graphs using time-delayed measurements [O] . Adrián Ramírez, Rifat Sipahi, Sabine Mondié, -1

机译：使用时间延迟测量的大规模多代理系统中的大规模多代理系统快速共识
7. Decision-making is the process of analyzing information about a problem situation and comparing it to a specific conclusion in order to solve a specific problematic (Yıkılmaz, 2001; Miller and Byrnes, 2001). Decision-making styles are a mechanism that is influenced by the internal and external conditions that determine the direction of the decisions of the individual, the content of the decision-making process, and the outcome of the decision-making process (Payne, Bettman and Johson, 1993; Bavol’ár and Orosová, 2015). ACT is a contemporary member of the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy family. ACT (Acceptance and commitment therapy) has both similar and different directions with Behavioral Therapies and Cognitive Therapies (Herbet and Forman, 2011; Hayes, 2004). KKT responds to classical behavioral treatments using both existential and cognitive approaches in the analysis of behavior. KKT is a science wing that tries to solve human problems with a wider perspective aimed at solving problematic human behaviors (Plumb, Stewart, Dahl and Lundgren, 2009). It is seen that there is very little research about the new approach of ACT approach when the aiming country of our country is screened and it is thought that our country will contribute to the field of psychological counseling with the work done. In the scope of the research, experimental and control groups and preliminary test, post-test and follow-up measurements of 2x3 experimental design were used. The study's study group consists of a total of 24 (12 experimental and 12 control groups) university students studying in different departments and levels, continuing their education in the academic year of 2015-2016 in Ağrı province and İbrahim Chechen University in 2015-2016 academic year. The average age of participants in the experiment and control group is 20. There were 12 participants in the experimental group, 7 female and 5 male, and 12 participants, 7 female and 5 male in the control group. Personal Information Form and Decision Making Style Scale prepared by the researcher were used in the research. In order to decide on the tests to be used in the course of analyzing the data, the scores of the participant's Decision Styles Scale pre-test, which are placed primarily in the experimental and control groups, it was analyzed whether the basic expectations of parametric tests were answered. As a result of the analysis made, the scores, skewness and kurtosis coefficients obtained from the Decision Making Styles Scale were given to the experimental and control groups. It was determined that the distribution was normal in the result of Shapiro-Wilk test, in which the skewness and kurtosis coefficients of each sub-scale were ranked between -1 and +1. Participants in the experimental and control groups; homogeneity test results for decision-style pre-test measurements indicate that the data are homogeneous. According to the results of the Mauchly Globalness Test, it has been determined that working supports the hypothesis. It was determined that there was no significant difference between the pre-test scores obtained from dependent decision-making style of experiment and control groups, but the test group showed lower mean scores at the significant level within the scores of post-test and follow-up tests. Therefore, it can be said that the ACT-oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group reduces the dependent decision-making style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions and the psychoeducation program has a lasting effect. It was determined that there was no significant difference between pre-test, post-test and follow-up scores obtained from the Spontaneous-Instant Decision Style of experiment and control groups. Thus, it can be said that this situation does not cause a significant difference in the Spontaneous-Decision-Making Style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions of the ACT-oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group. The ACT -oriented psychoeducation program had a decline in the intuitive decision-making styles of the individuals, but this decrease did not create significant differences. Thus, it can be said that this situation does not make a meaningful difference in the intuitive decision style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions of the KKT oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group. The pre-test scores obtained from the rational decision-making style of the experimental and control groups showed that there was a difference between the post-test and the follow-up scores, but this difference was not significant. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the test group had higher levels of rational decision style than the pre - test scores in the post test and follow - up scores, whereas the post test and follow - up test scores in the control group rational decision style showed a decrease compared to the pre - test scores. the pre - test scores. Decision-making Styles Scale Avoidant Decision Making As a result of the analysis of the mean scores of the subscale scores of pre-test, post-test and follow-up measures, the group effect was found to be insignificant. It was determined that the experimental and control groups differed significantly from the pre-test scores obtained from the avoidant decision-making style but did not show any significant change within the scores of the post-test and follow-up tests. [O] . mustafa ercengiz, ali haydar şar 2018

机译：决策是分析有关问题情况的信息并将其与特定结论进行比较的过程，以解决特定的问题（Yıkılmaz，2001; Miller和Byrnes，2001）。决策风格是一种机制，受到内部和外部条件的影响，确定个人决定的方向，决策过程的内容以及决策过程的结果（PAYNE，BETTMAN和BEDNE） Johson，1993;Bavol'ár和奥萨洛瓦，2015）。法案是认知行为治疗家庭的当代成员。行为（验收和承诺治疗）具有与行为疗法和认知疗法的类似和不同方向（Herbet和Forman，2011; Hayes，2004）。 KKT在分析行为中使用存在性和认知方法来响应古典行为治疗方法。 KKT是一个科学翼，试图解决人类问题，旨在解决有问题的人类行为（铅垂，斯图尔特，Dahl和Lundgren，2009）。有人认为，当我们国家的瞄准国家进行筛选时，有关行动方法的新方法几乎没有研究，并且认为我们的国家将为完成工作做出贡献的心理咨询领域。在研究的范围内，使用实验和对照组和初步测试，使用后测试和后续测量的2x3实验设计。该研究的研究小组包括共24名（12个实验和12个对照组）大学学生在不同的部门和水平上学习，在2015-2016学术上继续进行2015-2016的学术年度2015-2016学年年。实验和对照组参与者的平均年龄是20.实验组中有12名参与者，7名女性和5名男性，12名参与者，7名女性和5名男性。研究人员准备的个人信息表格和决策制定风格规模在研究中使用。为了决定在分析数据的过程中使用的测试，参与者的决策风格刻度预测的分数主要在实验和对照组中进行，分析了参数的基本期望吗？测试得到了回答。由于对实验和对照组给出了从决策曲调标度获得的分数，偏移和峰度分子系数。确定该分布是正常的在成熟的-WILK试验结果中，其中每亚级的偏差和刚度系数在-1到+1之间排名。实验和对照组的参与者;决策式预测测量的同质性测试结果表明数据是均匀的。根据毛毛环保试验的结果，已确定工作支持假设。据确定，从依赖决策风格的实验和对照组获得的预测分数之间没有显着差异，但测试组在测试后的分数内显示出较低的平均分数和后续的分数 - 测试。因此，可以说，应用于实验组的面向活动的心理教育程序减少了决策风格子维度的依赖决策风格分数，并且心理教育程序具有持久的效果。据确定，从实验和对照组自发决策风格获得的预测试，测试后和后续评分之间没有显着差异。因此，可以说这种情况不会导致从应用于实验组的活动导向的心理教育程序的决策风格分数的自发决策风格分数显着差异。行为的心理教育计划在个人直观的决策风格下降，但这种减少并没有产生显着的差异。因此，可以说，这种情况不会在从应用于实验组的KKT导向的心理教育程序的决策风格分数中产生有意义的决策风格分数。从实验和对照组的理性决策风格获得的预测分数显示后检验后和随访评分之间存在差异，但这种差异并不重要。由于分析，确定测试组的理性决策风格较高，而不是后测试和后续分数的预测分数，而对照组合理决策风格的后测试和后续测试分数显示出与预测试分数相比的减少。预测分数。决策款式扩展避免决策由于分析了预测试，测试后和后续措施的班次评分的平均分数，发现群体效应是微不足道的。确定实验和对照组从避免决策风格获得的预测评分中显着不同，但在测试后和后续测试的分数内没有显示出任何重大变化。

Direct measurement of vegetation resistance in prototype scale

摘要

著录项

相似文献

相关主题

期刊订阅