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High-resolution hydrologic forecasting for very large urban areas

机译：大城市地区的高分辨率水文预报

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摘要

With continuing growth of urban populations worldwide, high-resolution hydrologic forecasting is an increasingly important hydroinformatics service for large urban areas. In the Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW) area, the Collaborative Adapting Sensing of Atmosphere (CASA) WX program has been providing real-time hydrologic products, such as rainfall and streamflow, at 1 min-500 m resolution using the NWS Research Hydrologic Distributed Model forced by the Quantitative Precipitation Estimate from a network of X-band weather radars. There is an increasing demand, however, for even higher-spatial resolution hydrologic products. In this paper, we assess the ability of the current streamflow product to capture the hydrologic response of urban catchments in the DFW area, the utility of ultrasonic distance sensors for real-time sensing of water level in urban streams, and the feasibility of higher-resolution operation using parallel processing and cloud computing. We show that the CASA WX streamflow product skillfully captures the stage and streamflow response from rainfall for the majority of the nine catchments studied, but that timing errors significantly deteriorate the quality of streamflow prediction for certain basins. Comparative evaluation of different computing models shows that a reduction in runtime of up to 34% is possible with parallel processing at 1 min-250 m resolution.
机译：随着全球城市人口的持续增长，高分辨率水文预报已成为大城市地区日益重要的水信息学服务。在达拉斯-沃思堡（DFW）区域，使用NWS Research Hydroologic Distributed Distributed Attribution to Atmosphere（CASA）WX计划，已经使用NWS Research Hydroologic Distributed Distribution提供了1分钟至500 m分辨率的实时水文产品，例如降雨和水流。由X波段天气雷达网络的定量降水估算强制建立的模型。然而，对更高空间分辨率的水文产品的需求也在增长。在本文中，我们评估了当前流量产品捕获DFW地区城市集水区水文响应的能力，超声距离传感器用于实时感测城市溪流中水位的实用性以及更高的可行性。使用并行处理和云计算的高分辨率操作。我们表明，CASA WX流量产品巧妙地捕获了所研究的9个流域中大部分降雨的阶段和流量响应，但是时间误差显着降低了某些盆地的流量预测质量。对不同计算模型的比较评估显示，使用1 min-250 m分辨率的并行处理，可以将运行时间减少多达34％。

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