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Supply- and Output-Side Extensions to the Inoperability Input-Output Model for Interdependent Infrastructures

机译:相互依赖的基础结构的不可操作性输入输出模型的供应方和输出方扩展

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摘要

The Inoperability Input-Output Model (IIM) was developed to help understand infrastructure interdependencies. Based on the Leontief Input-Output Model, the IIM approximates the physical interdependencies of infrastructures from the economic input-output transactions of sectors. The model is demand-driven, wherein perturbations to the final demand levels are considered the initiating event, and the impact to sectors' production outputs are the direct and indirect effects resulting from sector interdependencies. This paper presents two other perspectives—supply-side and output-side—to supplement and complement the demand-driven IIM. These two perspectives help address initiating perturbations related to input factors (value added) and to the sectors' output levels. Further, these perturbations can be in terms of either quantity or price changes, defining the demand-quantity and supply-price models. Finally, the demand-, supply-, and output-side models are integrated using a sequential perturbation approach. A case study using the Virginia 1997 I-O accounts is presented, where it was shown that the different perturbation classes (demand or supply, quantity or price) yield different rank orders of sectors impacted by the initiating event, thus providing various perspectives of impacts.
机译:不可操作性输入输出模型(IIM)的开发是为了帮助理解基础架构的相互依赖性。 IIM基于Leontief投入产出模型,根据部门的经济投入产出交易来估算基础设施的物理相互依赖性。该模型是需求驱动的,其中对最终需求水平的扰动被认为是引发事件,而对部门生产产出的影响是部门相互依存所产生的直接和间接影响。本文提出了另外两种观点,即供应方和产出方,以补充和补充需求驱动的IIM。这两个观点有助于解决与输入因子(增加值)和部门产出水平有关的引发扰动。此外,这些扰动可以是数量变化还是价格变化,从而定义了需求量模型和供应价格模型。最后,使用顺序扰动方法将需求,供应和输出端模型集成在一起。提出了一个使用Virginia 1997 I-O帐户的案例研究,其中显示了不同的扰动类别(需求或供应,数量或价格)产生了受始发事件影响的部门的不同等级顺序,从而提供了各种影响视角。

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