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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Infrastructure Systems >Delay between Sensing and Response in Water Contamination Events
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Delay between Sensing and Response in Water Contamination Events

机译：在水污染事件中感知和响应之间的延迟

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摘要

Determining the consequences of a water contamination event is an important concern in the field of water systems security. Morbidity and mortality resulting from such a contamination are influenced in part by the amount of contaminated water consumed and the time between consumption and medical treatment. Water quality sensors in the water distribution network may shorten this time and help the users avoid the contaminant's adverse effects by alerting authorities to unusual water quality parameters; otherwise, the authorities may first suspect contamination when the victims begin seeking treatment. Once the irregular water quality parameters have been detected, some time may still elapse before all users stop consuming the contaminated water. Modeling this additional delay is the focus of this article. This delay has been divided into five independent, sequential processes. The first phase is the amount of time required to transmit the sensed or measured contaminant concentrations to the local authorities. The second process includes the authorities' efforts to verify that there is a genuine contamination event, usually through additional water quality tests. The third stage includes any measures that the authorities take in preparation to alerting the public to the threat including agency coordination, drafting announcements, contacting media, and printing flyers. The fourth phase of the delay is the time required to transmit the news of the contamination to the public. The final period encompasses the time elapsed while the system users, after being informed of the contamination, decide whether or not to comply with instructions on how to avoid the adverse effects. Probability distributions are constructed for the duration of each phase of the delay based on data collected from historical water contamination events and other disasters and characteristics of typical sensor networks. The entire response process is modeled using a Monte Carlo approach to determine probability distributions of response delay.
机译：确定水污染事件的后果是水系统安全领域中的重要问题。由这种污染引起的发病率和死亡率在一定程度上受到所污染的水的消耗量以及消耗与医疗之间的时间间隔的影响。配水管网中的水质传感器可以缩短时间，并通过提醒有关部门异常的水质参数来帮助用户避免污染物的不利影响；否则，当受害者开始寻求治疗时，当局可能首先怀疑有污染。一旦检测到不规则的水质参数，在所有用户停止消耗受污染的水之前，仍可能需要一段时间。为这个额外的延迟建模是本文的重点。此延迟已分为五个独立的顺序过程。第一阶段是将感测或测量的污染物浓度传输到地方当局所需的时间量。第二个过程包括当局通常通过其他水质测试来核实是否有真正的污染事件。第三阶段包括当局为提醒公众注意威胁而准备采取的任何措施，包括机构协调，起草公告，联系媒体和印刷传单。延迟的第四阶段是向公众传播污染新闻所需的时间。最后期限包括系统用户在收到污染通知后决定是否遵守有关如何避免不良影响的说明时所经过的时间。根据从历史水污染事件和其他灾害以及典型传感器网络的特征中收集的数据，构建延迟每个阶段持续时间的概率分布。使用蒙特卡洛方法对整个响应过程进行建模，以确定响应延迟的概率分布。

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