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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Infrastructure Systems >Telework Adoption and Energy Use in Building and Transport Sectors in the United States and Japan
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Telework Adoption and Energy Use in Building and Transport Sectors in the United States and Japan

机译：美国和日本在建筑和运输领域的远程办公采用和能源使用

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Telework (or telecommuting) has been proposed as a way of reducing transportation externalities such as congestion and passenger vehicle energy use. While there is contention among sources about the secondary induced transportation effects, many studies have estimated net benefits as a result of transportation reductions. Analyses including effects from shifts in commercial and residential building energy use, however, are not as visible. It is expected that commercial building energy use would decrease, and residential energy would increase as a result of telework adoption. We estimate macrolevel energy effects across these three energy intensive sectors (transportation, commercial, and residential buildings) to help characterize the potential of telework as a policy initiative to improve national energy efficiency. For current estimated teleworking populations and practices in the United States and Japan, we estimate national level energy savings of only 0.01-0.4% in the United States and 0.03-0.36% in Japan. In a future scenario with pervasive adoption of teleworking, where 50% of information workers telecommute 4 days per week, United States and Japan national energy savings are estimated at only about 1% in both cases. These energy savings are quite modest compared with currently available policy options to mitigate energy demand. By comparison, an improvement in average vehicle fuel efficiency of 20% would save 5.4% of total United States energy demand, suggesting that the direct benefits of adopting telework are relatively small given the large degree of behavioral and structural change required. Still, presuming that future work practices tend to favor greater adoption, the potential energy savings may merit direction towards environmentally beneficial implementation. If trends in the workplace favor more telework in the future, we suggest that maximizing environmental benefits merits greater attention to how telework is adopted. Obviously the increased number of avoided commutes is a factor, but more importantly, elimination of office space due to virtual offices yields energy savings that rival those from reduced commuting. Future analyses and implementation of telework should thus give greater attention to energy use in buildings and residences.
机译：远程办公（或远程办公）已被提议作为减少交通运输外部性（例如交通拥堵和乘用车能源消耗）的一种方式。尽管在来源之间存在关于次生诱发运输效应的争论，但许多研究都估计了运输减少带来的净收益。但是，包括商业和住宅建筑能源使用变化的影响在内的分析并不那么明显。预计由于采用远程办公，商业建筑的能源使用将减少，而住宅的能源将增加。我们估计这三个能源密集型行业（交通，商业和住宅建筑）的宏观能源影响，以帮助将远程办公的潜力描述为提高国家能源效率的一项政策举措。对于美国和日本目前估计的远程办公人口和实践，我们估计美国的国家级节能量仅为0.01-0.4％，日本为0.03-0.36％。在未来普遍采用远程办公的情况下，每周50％的信息工作者每周4天远程通勤，在这两种情况下，美国和日本的国家节能量估计仅为1％。与目前可用的缓解能源需求的政策方案相比，这些节能措施是相当有限的。相比之下，将平均车辆燃油效率提高20％可以节省美国总能源需求的5.4％，这表明，考虑到行为和结构上的巨大变化，采用远程办公的直接收益相对较小。尽管如此，假设未来的工作实践倾向于更多地采用，那么潜在的能源节约可能值得向有利于环境的实施方向发展。如果将来工作场所的趋势支持更多的远程办公，那么我们建议最大化环境效益值得更多地关注远程办公的采用方式。显然，避免通勤的次数增加是一个因素，但更重要的是，由于虚拟办公室而消除了办公空间，因此可以节省能源，与减少通勤的方式相媲美。因此，将来对远程办公的分析和实施应更加关注建筑物和住宅中的能源使用。

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