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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Insect Conservation >Resource use of specialist butterflies in agricultural landscapes: conservation lessons from the butterfly Phengaris (Maculinea) nausithous
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Resource use of specialist butterflies in agricultural landscapes: conservation lessons from the butterfly Phengaris (Maculinea) nausithous

机译：在农业景观中使用专业蝴蝶的资源：捕食蝴蝶的白粉蝶（Maculinea）的保护经验

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摘要

Most of the European grassland butterfly species are dependent on species rich grasslands shaped by low intensity farming. Conservation of these specialist species in agricultural landscapes relies on knowledge of their essential resources and the spatial distribution of these resources. In The Netherlands, the dusky large blue Phengaris (Maculinea) nausithous butterflies were extinct until their reintroduction in 1990. In addition, a spontaneous recolonization of road verges in an agricultural landscape occurred in 2001 in the southern part of The Netherlands. We analyzed the use of the essential resources, both host plants and host ants, of the latter population during the summers of 2003 and 2005. First we tested whether the distribution of the butterflies during several years could be explained by both the presence of host plants as well as host ants, as we expected that the resource that limits the distribution of this species can differ between locations and over time. We found that oviposition site selection was related to the most abundant resource. While in 2003, site selection was best explained by the presence of the host ant Myrmica scabrinodis, in 2005 it was more strongly related to flowerhead availability of the host plant. We secondly compared the net displacement of individuals between the road verge population and the reintroduced population in the Moerputten meadows, since we expected that movement of individuals depends on the structure of their habitat. On the road verges, butterflies moved significantly shorter distances than on meadows, which limits the butterflies in finding their essential resources. Finally we analyzed the availability of the two essential resources in the surroundings of the road verge population. Given the short net displacement distances and the adverse landscape features for long-distance dispersal, this landscape analysis suggests that the Phengaris population at the Posterholt site is trapped on the recently recolonized road verges. These results highlight the importance of assessing the availability of essential resources across different years and locations relative to the movement of the butterflies, and the necessity to careful manage these resources for the conservation of specialist species in agricultural landscapes, such as this butterfly species.
机译：欧洲大多数草原蝴蝶物种都依赖于由低强度耕种形成的物种丰富的草原。这些特殊物种在农业景观中的保护取决于对其基本资源和这些资源的空间分布的了解。在荷兰，直到1990年重新引入它们时，灰暗的蓝色Phengaris（Maculinea）恶臭蝴蝶已经灭绝。此外，2001年在荷兰南部，农业景观中的道路边缘自发地重新定殖。我们分析了2003年和2005年夏季后一种种群的必需资源（包括寄主植物和寄主蚂蚁）的使用。首先，我们测试了寄主植物是否同时存在可以解释几年来蝴蝶的分布以及寄居蚂蚁，正如我们预期的那样，限制该物种分布的资源可能因地点和时间而有所不同。我们发现产卵部位的选择与最丰富的资源有关。在2003年，最好用宿主蚂蚁Myrmica scabrinodis的存在来解释选址，而在2005年，它与宿主植物的头状花序的可用性更紧密相关。其次，我们比较了Moerputten草甸道路边缘种群和重新引入种群之间的个体净位移，因为我们期望个体的运动取决于其栖息地的结构。在道路边缘，蝴蝶的移动距离比草地移动的距离短得多，这限制了蝴蝶寻找基本资源的能力。最后，我们分析了道路边缘人口周围两种基本资源的可用性。考虑到较短的净位移距离和不利的远距离散布景观特征，该景观分析表明，Postholht站点的Phengaris种群被困在最近重新定殖的道路边缘。这些结果突出了评估与蝴蝶运动有关的不同年份和不同地点的基本资源的可用性的重要性，并且有必要仔细管理这些资源以保护农业景观中的特殊物种，例如该蝴蝶物种。

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