Bottom-up or top-down? The origins of the Industrial Revolution

Mokyr Joel

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Bottom-up or top-down? The origins of the Industrial Revolution

机译：自下而上还是自上而下？工业革命的起源

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Was technological progress during and after the Industrial Revolution top-down or bottom-up? The technology that created the great inventions was driven by a combination of pathbreaking ideas and the dexterity and skills of trained artisans. While those forms of human capital were quite different, they both came out of small elites of intellectuals and craftsmen, what are rapidly becoming known as "upper-tail human capital." I analyze the institutions that drove the incentives for both, and show that they came together to produce the Great Enrichment. These incentives were both material and social: between 1500 and 1700, the search for financial security and reputation cooperated in producing a unique institutional environment in which the elites in Western Europe produced the three legged-stool of European modernity: the Reformation, the Scientific Revolution, and the Enlightenment. Once these three movements had succeeded, the foundation for modern economic growth had been laid.

机译：工业革命期间和之后的技术进步是自上而下还是自下而上的？创造伟大发明的技术是由开创性的思想以及受过训练的工匠的敏捷性和技能共同驱动的。尽管这些人力资本的形式截然不同，但它们都来自知识分子和手工业者的小精英，这些精英很快被人们称为“高端人力资本”。我分析了激励这两种动机的机构，以及表明他们聚在一起创造了“大丰收”。这些激励既是物质上的又是社会上的：在1500年至1700年之间，寻求金融安全和声誉的努力合作产生了独特的制度环境，在此环境下，西欧精英阶层产生了欧洲现代性的三大支柱：改革，科学革命。，以及启蒙运动。一旦这三个运动获得成功，就为现代经济增长奠定了基础。

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《Journal of institutional economics》 |2018年第6期|1003-1024|共22页
作者
Mokyr Joel;
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Northwestern Univ, Dept Econ & Hist, Evanston, IL 60208 USA;

Tel Aviv Univ, Berglas Sch Econ, Tel Aviv, Israel;

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Bottom-up or top-down? The origins of the Industrial Revolution

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