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Bias, insecurity and the level of trust in the judiciary: the case of Brazil

机译：偏见，不安全感和对司法机构的信任程度：巴西的情况

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摘要

Are judges biased in their decisions? If so, what are the consequences? We propose a conceptual model that estimates the effects of judicial bias and insecurity on the trustworthiness of courts. Additionally, we empirically assess evidence of bias among justices at the Superior Court (STJ). For this purpose, we analyzed 1,412 decisions from 1998 to 2008. Results do not show consistent strong bias toward either the debtor or the creditor. We test a second hypothesis: that Brazilian courts are unpredictable, creating high levels of judicial insecurity. Empirical results corroborate this idea. Finally, we relate the empirical results found in this paper with the conceptual model initially developed, and provide evidence measured by a nationwide survey on the trustworthiness of the judiciary. As our model predicted, preliminary results indicate that citizens have lower levels of trust in the judicial system if courts and judges are biased and unpredictable.
机译：法官的决定是否有偏见？如果是这样，后果是什么？我们提出了一个概念模型，用于估计司法偏见和不安全感对法院信誉的影响。此外，我们根据经验评估高等法院（STJ）法官之间存在偏见的证据。为此，我们分析了1998年至2008年的1,412项决策。结果并未显示出对债务人或债权人一贯的强烈偏见。我们检验了第二个假设：巴西法院是不可预测的，造成了高度的司法不安全感。实证结果证实了这一想法。最后，我们将本文中发现的实证结果与最初开发的概念模型联系起来，并提供了通过对司法机构的可信度进行的全国性调查所测得的证据。正如我们的模型所预测的那样，初步结果表明，如果法院和法官有偏见且不可预测，公民对司法系统的信任程度就会降低。

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