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Linking institutions to economic performance: the role of macro-structures in micro-explanations

机译：将制度与经济绩效联系起来：宏观结构在微观解释中的作用

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摘要

Economists have been investigating the link between institutions and economic performance for several years. While econometric studies of this link have flourished, they are of limited use in understanding the causal mechanisms making some institutions responsible for economic performance. Several works using game theory and akin to the 'new institutional economics' have entertained the goal of developing micro-explanations of the institutions-performance link. Because game theory focuses on individuals' actions and beliefs, game-theoretic studies of institutions are thought to oppose more 'structuralist' explanations that downplay the role of individual agents and put more emphasis on the importance of social (or 'macro') structures. This paper demonstrates that this claim is misconceived, as the micro-explanations produced by game-theoretic models must assume already existing macro-structures. Institutions produce downward effects, shaping each agent's action. Moreover, in a game-theoretic framework, macro-structures are constitutive of individual agency since, without them, agents would often be unable to choose. I illustrate this claim with the example of Avner Greif's study of the role of cultural beliefs in the economic organisation of medieval societies.
机译：几年来，经济学家一直在研究制度与经济绩效之间的联系。尽管对这一联系的计量经济学研究蓬勃发展，但它们在理解使某些机构对经济绩效负责的因果机制上用途有限。一些使用博弈论和类似于“新制度经济学”的著作实现了发展制度与绩效联系的微观解释的目标。因为博弈论侧重于个人的行为和信念，所以对制度的博弈论研究被认为反对更多的“结构主义”解释，这种解释淡化了个体行为者的作用，而更加强调了社会（或“宏观”）结构的重要性。本文证明了这种说法是错误的，因为由博弈论模型产生的微观解释必须假设已经存在的宏观结构。制度产生负面影响，塑造每个行动者的行动。而且，在博弈论的框架中，宏观结构是各个代理机构的组成部分，因为没有它们，代理人通常将无法选择。我以Avner Greif对文化信仰在中世纪社会经济组织中的作用的研究为例来说明这一主张。

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  • 来源
    《Journal of institutional economics》 |2012年第3期|p.327-349|共23页
  • 作者

    CYRIL HEDOIN;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Economics, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, S7B Rue Pierre Taittinger, 51100 Reims, France;

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