The origins of governments: from anarchy to hierarchy

MATTHEW BAKER; ERWIN BULTE; JACOB WEISDORF

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The origins of governments: from anarchy to hierarchy

机译：政府的起源：从无政府状态到等级制度

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We analyze development trajectories of early civilizations where population size and technology are endogenous, and derive conditions under which such societies optimally 'switch' from anarchy to hierarchy - when it is optimal to elect and support a ruler. The ruler provides an efficient level of law and order, but creams off part of society's surplus for his own consumption. Switching to hierarchy occurs if the state of technology exceeds a threshold value, but societies may also be 'trapped' at lower levels of technology, perpetuating conditions of anarchy. We present empirical evidence based on the Standard Cross Cultural Sample that support the model's main predictions.

机译：我们分析了人口众多和技术内生的早期文明的发展轨迹，并得出了这样的条件：在这些条件下，最佳选举和支持统治者时，这些社会可以从无政府状态最佳地“转变”为等级制度。统治者提供了有效的法律和秩序，但是却抵消了社会剩余部分用于自己的消费。如果技术状态超过阈值，则会切换到层次结构，但是社会也可能被“困在”较低的技术水平，从而使无政府状态长期存在。我们根据标准跨文化样本提供经验证据，以支持模型的主要预测。

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来源
《Journal of institutional economics》 |2010年第2期|P.215-242|共28页
作者
MATTHEW BAKER; ERWIN BULTE; JACOB WEISDORF;
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Department of Economics, City University of New York, New York, USA;

Development Economics Group, Wageningen University, and Department of Economics, Tilburg University,Netherlands;

Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark;

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机译：政府的起源：从无政府状态到等级制度

The origins of governments: from anarchy to hierarchy

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