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Arctic methane

机译：北极甲烷

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What are the risks of a runaway greenhouse effect from methane release from hydrates in the Arctic? In January 2013, a dramatic increase of methane concentration up to 2000 ppb has been measured over the Arctic north of Norway in the Barents Sea. The global average being 1750 ppb. It has been suggested that methane normally trapped under the sea ice is now released more easily, especially in areas with reduced sea-ice extent. These high methane concentrations are possibly related to the destabilization of the methane gas hydrates in the Arctic shelf. Is this the start of a runaway greenhouse effect? Methane gas hydrates are solid, ice-like mixtures of water and methane. They are stable under relatively low temperatures and high pressures. These conditions can be found naturally in permafrost regions or under submarine continental slopes. Hydrates accumulate a large amount of gas. One cubic meter can include up to 160 m~3 of methane. Their huge amount of stored energy and the wide geographical distribution make hydrates an attractive potential energy source. However, they are also suspected to be a source of global climate change and geological hazard, but the risk is still uncertain. Due to the quasi-stability of methane hydrates, any intervention in the temperature-pressure equilibrium could trigger hydrate dissociation followed by methane emissions, a runaway greenhouse effect, and potential underwater landslides. Here, some consequences for climate change of methane emissions to the atmosphere are analyzed in a scenario study.
机译：北极水合物中的甲烷释放会导致温室效应失控的风险是什么？ 2013年1月，在挪威北部的巴伦支海测得的甲烷浓度急剧增加，达到2000 ppb。全球平均值为1750 ppb。有人提出，通常被困在海冰下的甲烷现在更容易释放，特别是在海冰面积减少的地区。这些高甲烷浓度可能与北极大陆架中甲烷气体水合物的失稳有关。这是温室效应失控的开始吗？甲烷水合物是固体和冰状的水和甲烷的混合物。它们在相对较低的温度和高压下稳定。这些条件可以在多年冻土地区或海底大陆斜坡下自然发现。水合物会积聚大量气体。一立方米最多可包含160 m〜3的甲烷。水合物的大量存储能量和广泛的地理分布使水合物成为有吸引力的潜在能源。但是，也有人怀疑它们是全球气候变化和地质灾害的根源，但风险仍然不确定。由于甲烷水合物的准稳定性，任何对温度-压力平衡的干预都可能触发水合物离解，继而产生甲烷排放，失控的温室效应和潜在的水下滑坡。在此，通过情景研究分析了甲烷排放到大气中对气候变化的一些后果。

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