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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of International Criminal Justice >The Military Commissions Act's Inconsistency with the Geneva Conventions: An Overview
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The Military Commissions Act's Inconsistency with the Geneva Conventions: An Overview

机译：军事委员会法与日内瓦四公约的抵触：概述

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摘要

The Military Commissions Act codifies a wide range of provisions that are inconsistent with binding international humanitarian law standards. In spite of the Act's title, these inconsistencies go well beyond the rules and procedures governing the trail of terrorist suspects before military commissions. In addition to violating fundamental fair trial guarantees defined in international humanitarian law, the Act misapplies the Geneva Conventions by adopting a ‘one size fits all’ approach to the characterization of all counter-terrorist operations, provides for an overly broad definition of unlawful combatant status that effectively deprives terror suspects of applicable law of war protections, repudiates longstanding ‘elementary considerations of humanity’ contained in common Article 3 and entrenches a detention regime that does not comport with the terms of the Geneva Conventions. These departures from international humanitarian law are reinforced by provisions of the Act that purport to insulate US government personnel and their agents from contrary interpretation and judicial scrutiny. The Act is thus best described as a series of breaches rather than developments of international humanitarian law, and as such, signals a stark departure from the US's historical commitment to the laws of war.
机译：《军事委员会法》编纂了与有约束力的国际人道主义法标准相抵触的各种规定。尽管有该法案的标题，但这些不一致之处远远超出了管理军事嫌疑人在军事委员会之前追踪踪迹的规则和程序。该法除违反国际人道主义法中规定的基本公正审判保证外，还通过采用“一刀切”的方法来表征所有反恐行动，从而不适用《日内瓦公约》，为非法战斗人员地位的定义过于宽泛有效地剥夺了恐怖嫌疑人适用的战争保护法，拒绝了共同第3条所载的长期“人道基本考虑”，并确立了不符合《日内瓦公约》条款的拘留制度。该法令旨在使美国政府人员及其代理人免受相反的解释和司法审查，从而进一步背离了国际人道主义法。因此，该法案被最好地描述为一系列的违反行为，而不是国际人道法的发展，因此，这标志着美国与战争法的历史承诺完全背道而驰。

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