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Regulatory convergence and dispute settlement in the WTO

机译：WTO中的监管趋同和争端解决

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Purpose - This paper aims to examine the issues faced by the World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement system in disputes involving questions of regulatory convergence. The traditional focus of the WTO has been on increasing market access and eliminating discrimination in trade. Now, as tariffs have been all but eliminated and Members rarely impose obviously discriminatory trade barriers, attention increasingly turns to questions of regulatory convergence. Leaving aside questions as to the overall benefits of regulatory convergence between markets, these developments pose a significant challenge to the organs of the WTO dispute settlement - and it is here that this paper focuses. Design/methodology/approach - While General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)AVTO law has fairly well-developed tools for identifying discrimination in trade, the tools necessary for assessing whether regulatory measures maintain the requisite balance or proportionality between sovereign/domestic concerns and trade concerns are less clear. The paper discusses this latter point. Findings - The WTO agreements are frequently not clear on where or how this balance between sovereign/domestic concerns and trade concerns is to be determined. To date, WTO panels and the Appellate Body have preferred to focus on whether they can identify any discriminatory aspects of a measure. However, they will increasingly be called to pronounce on non-discriminatory regulatory policy choices of Members. Originality/value - This paper contributes to the literature on the Appellate Body, and argues that Members will need to develop a credible and consistent balance between policy space and trade restrictiveness.
机译：目的-本文旨在研究世界贸易组织（WTO）争端解决系统在涉及监管趋同问题的争端中所面临的问题。世贸组织的传统重点一直放在增加市场准入和消除贸易歧视上。现在，由于关税已几乎全部取消，而且成员国极少施加明显的歧视性贸易壁垒，因此越来越多的注意力转向监管趋同的问题。撇开市场之间监管融合的整体利益不谈，这些事态发展对WTO争端解决的机构构成了重大挑战-本文正是在这里。设计/方法/方法-尽管《关税与贸易总协定》（GATT）具有相当成熟的识别贸易歧视的工具，但评估监管措施是否保持主权/国内关切与贸易之间的必要平衡或相称性所必需的工具贸易问题尚不清楚。本文讨论了后一点。调查结果-世贸组织协议通常不清楚在何处或如何确定主权/国内关注与贸易关注之间的平衡。迄今为止，世贸组织专家组和上诉机构更倾向于关注他们是否可以确定一项措施的任何歧视性方面。但是，人们将越来越多地呼吁他们就会员国的非歧视性监管政策选择发表意见。独创性/价值-本文为上诉机构的文献做出了贡献，并认为会员将需要在政策空间和贸易限制之间建立可靠和一致的平衡。

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