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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the Knowledge Economy >How TOI and the Quadruple and Quintuple Helix Innovation System Can Support the Development of a New Model of International Cooperation
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How TOI and the Quadruple and Quintuple Helix Innovation System Can Support the Development of a New Model of International Cooperation

机译：TOI和四重和五重螺旋创新系统如何支持国际合作新模式的发展

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This paper deals with the pathway to an international cooperation approach to facilitate the setting up of an innovation-friendly environment in Mediterranean partner countries (MPC). The MPC are in fact a priority for the EU, especially after the Arab spring in 2011. The innovation and technology gap in the Mediterranean area, compared to the main global competitors, depends not only on the limited capacity to bring the knowledge generated into the market by creating a stable and strong link between research and business but also on the need to establish some cultural-based values as described in the quadruple helix model. In response to these challenges, the Mediterranean area has to review and improve research and innovation (R&I) capacities and systems (The European Commission, 2012). The European Union has addressed these priorities by enhancing cooperation between research and innovation actors on both sides as well as by transferring innovation management skills and successful experiences that could be tailored and adapted to the local needs. In the current context of open innovation where innovation relies on information, knowledge flow and networking, the low level of collaborations and interactions among the main actors of innovation are one of the principle factors hampering the innovation deployment in Mediterranean societies. If we move from the open innovation to the targeted open innovation, it is possible to define some specific targets/smart specialization that could support the regional development. This emerges clearly from the present work; the main hurdles to the setting up of an innovation-friendly ecosystem can be hereinafter summarized: (a) cultural aspects, including innovation culture; (b) rigid administrative and regulatory framework in the Mediterranean area (it is often considered rigid and unclear, too bureaucratic with consequence in researchers’ behaviours with external actors); (c) researchers’ mobility obstacles; (d) complex and not recognized patent exploitation procedures and IPR process and (e) lack of smart specialization strategies. These factors are able to affect the research and innovation activities, the technology transfer model and its adaptation in different geographical areas. It is not possible not to take into consideration these aspects, especially in the framework of international cooperation. In this paper, we offer a case study developed in the context of international cooperation. The study offers elements in order to create a model for a suitable environment for knowledge exploitation in the context of the international cooperation.
机译：本文探讨了国际合作途径的途径，以促进在地中海伙伴国家（MPC）建立友好的创新环境。 MPC实际上是欧盟的优先事项，尤其是在2011年阿拉伯之春之后。与主要的全球竞争对手相比，地中海地区的创新和技术差距不仅取决于将所产生的知识带入欧盟的能力有限。通过在研究与商业之间建立稳定而牢固的联系来建立市场，同时也需要建立四重螺旋模型中所述的一些基于文化的价值。为了应对这些挑战，地中海地区必须审查和改进研究与创新（R＆I）的能力和系统（欧洲委员会，2012年）。欧洲联盟通过加强双方研究与创新参与者之间的合作以及转让可以根据当地需求量身定制的创新管理技能和成功经验，解决了这些优先事项。在当前的创新依赖于信息，知识流和网络的开放式创新的背景下，创新主要参与者之间的低水平的协作和互动是阻碍地中海社会创新部署的主要因素之一。如果我们从开放式创新转向有针对性的开放式创新，则可以定义一些可以支持区域发展的特定目标/智能专业化。从当前的工作中可以清楚地看出这一点。建立创新型生态系统的主要障碍可归纳如下：（a）文化方面，包括创新文化； （b）地中海地区严格的行政和监管框架（通常被认为是僵化和不明确的，过于官僚主义，导致研究人员与外部参与者的行为举止）； （c）研究人员的行动障碍； （d）复杂且未被认可的专利开发程序和知识产权流程，以及（e）缺乏明智的专业化策略。这些因素能够影响研究和创新活动，技术转让模式及其在不同地理区域的适应性。不可能不考虑这些方面，特别是在国际合作的框架内。在本文中，我们提供了在国际合作背景下开发的案例研究。该研究提供了要素，以便为国际合作范围内的知识开发环境创造合适的模式。

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