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The logic of identity and copy for computational artefacts

机译：计算伪像的身份和复制逻辑

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摘要

Defining identity for entities is a long-standing logical problem in philosophy, and it has resurfaced in current investigations within the philosophy of technology. The problem has not yet been explored for the philosophy of information and of computer science in particular. This paper provides a logical analysis of identity and copy for computational artefacts. Identity is here understood as the relation holding between an instance of a computational artefact and itself. By contrast, the copy relation holds between two distinct computational artefacts. We distinguish among exact, inexact and approximate copies. We use process algebra to provide suitable formal definitions of these relations, using in particular the notion of bisimulation to define identity and exact copies, and simulation for inexact and approximate copies. Equivalence is unproblematic for identical computational artefacts at each individual time and for inexact copies; we will examine to which extent the formal constraints on identity criteria discussed in the literature are satisfied by our approach. As for inexact and approximate copy, they are intended as a weakening of the identity relation in that equivalence and other constraints on identity are violated. The proposed approach also suggests a computable treatment of identity and copy checking.
机译：为实体定义身份是哲学中一个长期存在的逻辑问题，并且在当前对技术哲学的研究中已经浮出水面。尚未针对信息哲学，尤其是计算机科学探索该问题。本文为计算伪像提供了身份和副本的逻辑分析。身份在这里被理解为计算人工制品的实例与其自身之间的关系。相比之下，复制关系在两个不同的计算伪像之间成立。我们区分精确，不精确和近似的副本。我们使用过程代数来提供这些关系的适当形式化定义，尤其是使用双仿真的概念来定义身份和精确副本，以及对不精确和近似的副本进行仿真。对于每个时间相同的计算伪像和不精确的副本，等价性没有问题。我们将研究我们的方法在多大程度上满足了文献中讨论的对身份标准的正式约束。至于不精确和近似的复制，它们旨在削弱身份关系，因为违反了等同性和对身份的其他限制。提议的方法还建议对身份和副本检查进行可计算的处理。

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