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Artificial Life

机译:人工生命

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摘要

In this article, we explore how the history and myths about Artificial Life (AL) inform the pursuit and reception of contemporary AL technologies. First, we show that long before the contemporary fields of robotics and genomics, ancient civilizations attempted to create AL in the magical and religious pursuits of automata and alchemy. Next, we explore four persistent cultural myths surrounding AL-namely, those of Pygmalion, Golem, Frankenstein, and Metropolis. These myths offer several insights into why humanity is both fascinated with and fearful of AL. Thereafter, we distinguish contemporary approaches to AL, including biochemical or "wet" approaches (e.g., artificial organs), electromechanical or "hard" approaches (e.g., robot companions), and software-based or "soft" approaches (e.g., digital voice assistants). We also outline an emerging approach to AL that combines all three of the preceding approaches in pursuit of "transhumanism." We then map out how the four historical myths surrounding AL shape modern society's reception of the four contemporary AL pursuits. Doing so reveals the enduring human fears that must be addressed through careful development of ethical guidelines for public policy that ensure human safety, dignity, and morality. We end with two sets of questions for future research: one supportive of AL and one more skeptical and cautious.
机译:在本文中,我们探讨了人工生命(AL)的历史和神话如何告知追求和接受当代AL技术。首先,我们展示了在机器人和基因组学的当代领域,古代文明试图在自动机和炼金术的神奇和宗教追求中创造al。接下来,我们探索围绕al-即的四个持续的文化神话,俾格洛翁,古代,弗兰肯斯坦和大都市。这些神话提供了几次见解,为什么人类既令人着迷,也可以令人着迷。此后,我们将当代方法与Al,包括生物化学或“湿”方法(例如,人工器官),机电或“硬”方法(例如,机器人伴侣)和基于软件或“软”方法(例如,数字语音)助手)。我们还概述了一个新兴的方法,将所有三种前三种方法的追求追求“Transhumanism”。然后,我们如何张开四个历史神话,周围的历史神话现代社会接受四个当代追求的追求。这样做揭示了持久的人类恐惧,必须通过仔细发展公共政策的道德准则来解决,以确保人类安全,尊严和道德。我们以两套问题结束了未来的研究:一个支持Al和一个持怀疑态度和谨慎的支持。

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