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Toward a Theory of Second-Order Corruption

机译：走向二阶腐败理论

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摘要

In this article, I identify two kinds of corruption: first-order and second-order corruption. First-order corruption is the abuse of power by either individuals or groups for private gain given a system of existing rules or norms, whereas second-order corruption is the abuse of power by individuals or groups in that they change the existing rules or norms to benefit from them unfairly. I argue that second-order corruption has certain unique characteristics that make it harder to identify and more harmful for both the corporation and society in the long run, and conclude by suggesting some ways to deal with it.
机译：在本文中，我确定了两种损坏：一阶和二阶损坏。一阶腐败是指在给定现有规则或规范的情况下，个人或群体滥用权力谋取私利的行为，而二阶腐败是指个人或群体滥用权力以将现有规则或规范更改为不公平地从中受益。我认为，二阶腐败具有某些独特的特征，从长远来看，这将使其更难以识别，并且对公司和社会都更加有害，并通过提出一些应对措施提出结论。

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