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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Manufacturing Processes >Interfacial bonding features of friction stir additive manufactured build for 2195-T8 aluminum-lithium alloy
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Interfacial bonding features of friction stir additive manufactured build for 2195-T8 aluminum-lithium alloy

机译：为2195-T8铝锂合金制造的搅拌摩擦添加剂的界面粘结特性

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摘要

Friction stir additive manufacturing (FSAM) was performed successfully using 2 mm thick sheets of 2195-T8 aluminum-lithium alloy. The influence of the tool pin shape and process parameters on the interfacial bonding features among the additive manufactured layers was discussed, and the effects of interfacial defects on the performances of the additive build were analyzed based on microstructures, hardness profiles, and mechanical property evaluations. It is shown that the shape of the tool pin is one of the key factors in influencing the bonding interface between two manufactured layers. The cylindrical pin and the conical pin with three flats are not suitable for the FSAM process since very poor material mixing features are produced along the bonding interface. Although the material mixing degree of bonding interface is obviously improved at the advancing side (AS) interface of the nugget zone (NZ) by using the convex featured pin or the pin with three concave arc grooves, the material mixing degree at the retreating side (RS) interface of the NZ is always insufficient. Meanwhile, the weak-bonding defects along the bonding interfaces could be formed, which are originated from the hooking defects on the RS. The weak-bonding defects are related to the oxides and impurities existing at the original bonding interfaces as well as the insufficient stirring action of the tool pin. The back and forth double passes welding is one of the effective methods to improve the material mixing in the whole NZ and eliminate the hooking defects extending into the NZ. The welding rotation speeds of 800, 900 and 1000 rpm for giving welding speed of 100 mm/min were used in the additive manufacturing processes of 2195-T8 aluminum-lithium alloy, in which the optimum microstructure is obtained with the rotation speed of 800 rpm. The soften degree for the multilayered build is obvious, and the hardness profiles across the different bonding interfaces are always uneven. Meanwhile, compared with the AS interface, the fluctuation of the hardness value at the RS interface is greater. The mechanical properties of the multilayered build are inhomogeneous, and the maximum tensile strength of the multilayered build is only reached the 56.6% of the base metal. The mechanical properties are closely associated with the soften tendency of the material and the degree of the amelioration of weak-bonding defect along the bonding interface.
机译：使用2毫米厚的2195-T8铝锂合金薄板成功地进行了摩擦搅拌添加制造（FSAM）。讨论了工具销形状和工艺参数对增材制造层之间的界面粘结特性的影响，并基于微观结构，硬度分布和力学性能评估分析了界面缺陷对增材制造性能的影响。结果表明，工具销的形状是影响两个制造层之间的粘结界面的关键因素之一。具有三个平面的圆柱销和圆锥销不适用于FSAM工艺，因为沿粘结界面产生的材料混合特性非常差。尽管通过使用凸形特征销或具有三个凹弧槽的销可以明显改善熔核区（NZ）前进侧（AS）界面的粘结界面的材料混合度，但后退侧的材料混合度（ NZ的RS）接口始终不足。同时，沿键合界面形成的弱键合缺陷可能是由R​​S上的钩连缺陷引起的。弱结合缺陷与原始结合界面处存在的氧化物和杂质以及工具销的搅拌作用不足有关。来回双向焊接是改善整个NZ中材料混合并消除延伸到NZ中的钩痕的有效方法之一。在2195-T8铝-锂合金的增材制造过程中，使用了800、900和1000 rpm的焊接转速，以实现100 mm / min的焊接速度，其中以800 rpm的转速获得了最佳的组织。多层结构的软化程度很明显，并且不同粘结界面的硬度分布始终不均匀。同时，与AS接口相比，RS接口处硬度值的波动更大。多层构建物的机械性能是不均匀的，并且多层构建物的最大抗拉强度仅达到母材的56.6％。机械性能与材料的软化趋势以及沿粘结界面的弱粘结缺陷的改善程度密切相关。

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