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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Manufacturing Processes >Humidity-controlled direct ink writing for micro-additive manufacturing with water-based inks
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Humidity-controlled direct ink writing for micro-additive manufacturing with water-based inks

机译：用于水性油墨的微添加剂制造的湿度控制的直接油墨写入

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Direct-ink-writing type additive manufacturing with water-based inks such as hydrogels or polymer solutions is broadly utilized for bioprinting applications. However, the resolution of this implementation is limited due to the rapid ink drying experienced at small size scales leading to nozzle clogging and low fidelity prints. To address this issue, a humidity-controlled direct-ink-writing (HCDIW) approach is presented, where the microenvironment around the printing nozzle is controlled through introduction of aerosolized water. Using this approach, the nozzle microenvironment can be varied between undersaturated yet high relative humidity (ambient to 100% RH) to oversaturated conditions where condensing droplets are deposited on the already printed ink filaments. The influence of the aerosolized water and the resultant micro-environment on the printing process was studied using water dissolved sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) ink, specifically focusing on nozzle clogging, printed filament geometry, surface quality and layer by layer stacking. These studies showed that the ink drying induced nozzle clogging issues can be mitigated through increased relative humidity at the nozzle exit and is virtually eliminated for similar to 100 mu m nozzles in oversaturated conditions. The decelerated ink drying under the effect of aerosolized water leads to reduced solute advection and skin formation. This in turn improves surface roughness while reducing adverse effects such as coffee-ring and void formation during additive manufacturing of micro-scale structures. Furthermore, layer-to-layer fusion and associated side-surface quality were improved specifically in undersaturated conditions. Reduction of deposited ink filament concentration in oversaturated conditions leads to excessive spreading of the deposited inks leading to geometric distortions. These results indicate that the humidity control approach can significantly improve the resolution of the direct-ink-writing approaches, enabling processing of water-based inks at micro-scales.
机译：具有水基油墨如水凝胶或聚合物溶液的直接油墨写入型添加剂制造用于生物制版应用。然而，由于小尺寸尺度的快速墨水干燥导致喷嘴堵塞和低保真印刷品，因此该实施的分辨率受到限制。为了解决这个问题，提出了一种湿度控制的直接墨水写入（HCDIW）方法，其中通过引入雾化水来控制印刷喷嘴周围的微环境。使用这种方法，喷嘴微环境可以在未饱和的又高相对湿度（环境至100％RH）之间变化到过饱和条件，其中冷凝液滴沉积在已经印刷的墨水长丝上。使用水溶解的羧甲基纤维素（NACMC）油墨研究了雾化水和所得微环境对印刷过程的影响，专门关注喷嘴堵塞，印刷丝几何形状，表面质量和层通过层堆叠。这些研究表明，通过增加喷嘴出口的相对湿度可以增加油墨干燥诱导的喷嘴堵塞问题，并且实际上被消除到过饱和条件下的100μm喷嘴。在雾化水的作用下减速的墨水干燥导致溶质的溶质和皮肤形成。这反过来改善了表面粗糙度，同时减少了微尺度结构的添加剂制造期间咖啡环和空隙形成等不利影响。此外，在不饱和条件下具体改善了层到层融合和相关的侧表面质量。过饱和条件下沉积的墨水丝浓度的减少导致过度扩散沉积的油墨，导致几何扭曲。这些结果表明，湿度控制方法可以显着提高直接油墨写入方法的分辨率，使微型鳞片的水基油墨能够加工。

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