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Supporting the wartime economy: imperial maritime trade and the globalised maritime trade system, 1914-1916

机译:支持战时经济:帝国海上贸易和全球化的海上贸易体系,1914-1916年

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The British Empire depended on international trade and financial systems for survival. These depended on general peace. The Empire could not afford extended periods of military expenditure, using civil-military and economic mechanisms to avoid the costs of an army. These demanded an efficient global maritime transport system feeding a free economic market with close industry-navy and insurance market-government-navy cooperation. These required a naval system to protect global maritime trade. The outbreak of war in 1914 stopped maritime trade, requiring rapid unprecedented government intervention to restart it. From this restart, the privately run global maritime trade system began to distort, but collapse was protracted and the commercial system showed remarkable elasticity. The imperial government progressively replaced an efficient, fluid maritime trade system based on meeting commercial demand with centralised control to meet the demands of a mobilising war economy. By July 1916 this process was complete and a remarkable example of international administration across all areas of the global and domestic economy was well advanced. The resulting centralised control of global maritime trade fed multinational economic demands of war economies: yet this broad, complex, multidisciplinary event remains largely unknown.
机译:大英帝国赖以生存的国际贸易和金融体系。这些取决于普遍的和平。帝国无法使用军事和经济机制来避免军队开支,因此无法承担长期的军事开支。这些要求有一个有效的全球海上运输系统,通过一个紧密的行业-海军和保险市场-政府-海军合作为自由的经济市场提供营养。这些需要海军系统来保护全球海上贸易。 1914年战争的爆发停止了海上贸易,需要政府进行前所未有的迅速干预以重新启动它。重新启动后,私人经营的全球海洋贸易体系开始扭曲,但崩溃持续了很长时间,商业体系显示出显着的弹性。帝国政府在满足商业需求的基础上,通过集中控制逐步取代了高效,灵活的海上贸易体系,以满足动员战争经济的需求。到1916年7月,这一过程已经完成,国际管理在全球和国内经济各个领域的杰出榜样都得到了很好的发展。由此产生的对全球海洋贸易的集中控制满足了战争经济的多国经济需求:然而,这一广泛,复杂,多学科的事件仍然未知。

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