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首页> 外文期刊>Journal for maritime research >The evolution of emigrant travel to New Zealand in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries
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The evolution of emigrant travel to New Zealand in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries

机译：19世纪和20世纪移民到新西兰的旅行的演变

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摘要

This article analyses the attitudes and experiences of emigrants who voyaged from Britain and Ireland to New Zealand in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It uses shipboard diaries, correspondence, official reports, newspaper accounts and the oral testimony of emigrants to investigate whether the journey was typically an ordeal or adventure, and examines elements of continuity, change and distinctiveness in emigrants' and officials' narratives during more than a century of sea travel. After contextualising New Zealand's place in the history of emigrant transportation, the key issues are scrutinised through the lens of three chronologically structured sub-themes: preparing to leave and embarking; a core section on life at sea; and a few observations on the journey's end. Painful leave-taking was a timeless problem, as were interpersonal tensions on board, but other experiences were affected by changing technologies and a relaxation in cultural expectations. The maintenance of order and discipline characterised Victorian voyages, which were also overshadowed by fears of shipwreck, physical and mental illness, and death. By the end of the nineteenth century, technological advances were making the journey increasingly comfortable, and by the mid-twentieth century, it was generally seen as a pleasurable, responsibility-free holiday.
机译：本文分析了19世纪和20世纪从英国和爱尔兰航行到新西兰的移民的态度和经历。它使用船上的日记，信件，官方报告，报纸账目和移民的口头证词来调查旅程是典型的磨难还是冒险，并考察移民和官员叙事中连续性，变化性和独特性的要素世纪的海上​​旅行。在对新西兰在移民运输历史中的地位进行了背景分析之后，主要问题通过三个按时间顺序排列的子主题进行了审查：准备离开和出发；海上生活的核心部分；以及旅程结束时的一些观察。痛苦的请假是一个永恒的问题，船上的人际关系也是如此，但是其他经历受到技术变化和文化期望放松的影响。维州航程的特点是维持秩序和纪律，对沉船，身体和精神疾病以及死亡的恐惧也掩盖了这一点。到19世纪末，技术的进步使旅途变得越来越舒适，到20世纪中期，人们普遍认为这是一种令人愉快，无责任的假期。

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