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The struggle for sea power: a naval history of American independence

机译：为海上力量而奋斗：美国独立的海军史

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Since the publication of Jonathan Dull's pioneering study of 1975, historians of the American Revolution have recognised that the French navy played a key role in securing independence. First at New York in the summer of 1778, then at Newport Rhode Island a few weeks later, the French navy, working with American land forces, almost delivered a knockout blow to the British army. At Savannah, Georgia, in the summer of 1779, the allies very nearly did the same; only poor weather and a premature Franco-American assault saved the British from disaster. Not until the autumn of 1781 were the French and Americans able fully to realise the potential of Louis XVI's navy. At Yorktown, Admiral de Grasse's fleet repelled the Royal Navy's attempt to rescue the beleaguered British army, compelling Lord Cornwallis to surrender shortly afterwards to American and French troops led by George Washington. The importance of the French navy became still more apparent in the aftermath of Yorktown. Washington wanted to capitalise on the allied victory by attacking the British at either Charleston, South Carolina, or their headquarters at New York City. But the French regarded the Caribbean as more important, and de Grasse sailed south to attack Jamaica (and defeat by Rodney at the battle of the Saintes), leaving Washington without naval support. The Americans could prevent the British at New York and Charleston from moving inland, but in the absence of the French navy they could not make them surrender. The British army evacuated both Charleston and New York at its own pace, not leaving New York City until after the final peace treaties had been signed.
机译：自从乔纳森·杜尔（Jonathan Dull）于1975年发表开创性研究以来，美国革命的历史学家们就认识到法国海军在确保独立方面起着关键作用。首先是1778年夏天在纽约，然后是几周后的纽波特罗德岛（Newport Rhode Island），法国海军与美国陆军合作几乎给英军造成了打击。 1779年夏天，在佐治亚州的萨凡纳，盟友几乎都做了同样的事情。只有恶劣的天气和过早的法裔美军袭击才使英国人免于灾难。直到1781年秋天，法国人和美国人才完全有能力认识路易十六海军的潜力。在约克镇，海军上将德格拉斯的舰队击退了皇家海军营救陷入困境的英军的企图，迫使康沃利斯勋爵不久后向乔治·华盛顿领导的美国和法国部队投降。在约克镇之后，法国海军的重要性变得更加明显。华盛顿想利用盟军的胜利，在南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿或其纽约总部进攻英国人。但是法国人认为加勒比海地区更为重要，德格拉斯向南航行攻击牙买加（并在圣人战役中被罗德尼击败），使华盛顿失去了海军支持。美国人可以阻止纽约和查尔斯顿的英国人迁入内陆，但是在法国海军缺席的情况下，他们无法让他们投降。英国军队按照自己的步调撤离了查尔斯顿和纽约，直到签署了最后的和平条约之后才离开纽约市。

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