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首页> 外文期刊>Journal for maritime research >At war in distant waters: British colonial defense in the Great War
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At war in distant waters: British colonial defense in the Great War

机译：在遥远水域的战争中：大战中的英国殖民防御

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Surveys of British strategy and Royal Navy during the First World War have tended to focus on the Grand Fleet's role and actions, the efforts to halt Germany's unrestricted submarine campaign, as well as extensive operations outside European waters such as the Dardanelles and the hunt for Maximilian von Spee's Far Eastern Squadron which culminated in the Coronel and Falklands battles. Except perhaps Paul Halpern's A naval history of World War One, the trend, established by Arthur Marder, has been decidedly North Sea-centric. Phillip G. Pattee's, At war in distant waters: British colonial defense in the Great War takes a different tack, examining the development of the Admiralty's (and the Colonial and Foreign Offices') campaign against Germany's colonial possessions and bases to defend the British Empire's extensive overseas trade. This commerce involved a highly interdependent system of private investment and government enterprises including the navy, merchant shipping lines, insurance companies, telegraph/wireless communications, and international treaties, all orientated to maintain the free flow of goods and capital. As British policy-makers realised, however, the system, and the empire's security, was vulnerable to an enemy's guerre de course, and sought to counter that threat by depriving a foe's ability to conduct such a campaign. In a war with Germany, Pattee contends that Royal Navy faced a daunting task in protecting British trade since it also had to defend against invasion and safeguard the transportation of an expeditionary force to the Continent. Unfortunately, the author fails to identify that the navy's primary task was always first to destroy or contain an enemy fleet to assure 'command of the sea' which allowed for the attainment of the other aims (4, 206). Ancillary to the protection of trade, British officials, consulates, and embassies attempted to curtail German commerce raiders via diplomacy, lobbying neutral governments to intern violators of international neutrality agreements. The main premise is that, with certain pre-war measures already in place, the Admiralty, Foreign and Colonial Offices devised and implemented a strategy at the outset of the war to seize Germany's colonies and overseas bases. These actions were not mere sideshows, as represented by earlier interpretations, nor an attempt to expand Britain's imperial possessions, but were meant to prevent depredations by German cruisers and auxiliaries through the capture of their coaling and communications centres. Unlike previous sources, Pattee contends that this campaign against German colonies was critical to Britain's conduct of the war by protecting the empire from the 'incalculable damage' that would have resulted from loss of trade or economic collapse (10).
机译：第一次世界大战期间对英国战略和皇家海军的调查主要集中在大舰队的作用和行动，制止德国无限制潜艇战役的努力以及在欧洲水域以外进行的大规模行动，例如达达尼尔海峡和对马克西米利安的追捕冯·斯皮的远东中队在科罗内尔和福克兰群岛的战斗中达到顶峰。除了保罗·哈珀恩（Paul Halpern）的《第一次世界大战的海军历史》外，由亚瑟·马德（Arthur Marder）确立的这一趋势绝对是以北海为中心的。菲利普·帕特（Phillip G.广泛的海外贸易。这种商业涉及高度相互依存的私人投资体系和政府企业，包括海军，商船运输公司，保险公司，电报/无线通信和国际条约，所有这些都是为了维持商品和资本的自由流动。然而，正如英国决策者所意识到的那样，该系统和帝国的安全性很容易受到敌人游击路线的侵害，并试图通过剥夺敌人的行动来抵抗这种威胁。在与德国的战争中，帕特提认为皇家海军在保护英国贸易方面面临艰巨的任务，因为它还必须防御入侵并保障远征军向欧洲大陆的运输。不幸的是，作者未能确定海军的主要任务始终是首先摧毁或遏制敌方舰队以确保“指挥海洋”，从而实现了其他目标（4，206）。作为贸易保护的辅助手段，英国官员，领事馆和使馆试图通过外交手段减少德国的商业入侵，游说中立国政府对违反国际中立协定的人进行实习。主要前提是，在战前已经采取某些措施的情况下，海军部，外交和殖民地办公室在战争初期制定并实施了一项战略，以占领德国的殖民地和海外基地。这些行动不仅是以前的解释所代表的杂耍表演，也不是试图扩大英国的帝国财产的企图，而是旨在通过夺取他们的联合和通讯中心来防止德国巡洋舰和辅助部队的掠夺。与以前的消息来源不同，帕特提认为，针对德国殖民地的这场运动通过保护帝国免受贸易或经济崩溃造成的“无法估量的损害”，对英国的战争至关重要（10）。

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