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首页> 外文期刊>Journal for maritime research >Three cultures at the Admiralty, c.1800-1945: Naval Staff, the Secretariat and the arrival of scientists
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Three cultures at the Admiralty, c.1800-1945: Naval Staff, the Secretariat and the arrival of scientists

机译：金钟的三种文化，约1800-1945年：海军参谋部，秘书处和科学家的到来

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This story of developing expertise at the Admiralty first briefly traces the rise of the Naval Staff from its beginning in 1883 to proper establishment in 1917, and of the civil service Secretariat over a somewhat longer period. Both came to have similar if complementary functions, including policy-making. The article then turns to naval scientists, who had a longer path to the same end. The First World War brought them a significant presence in numbers and organisation, though they remained poor relations in terms of status and pay, dominated by the practical empiricism of naval officers, and subject to prejudice, amply reciprocated. Improvements came in the 1930s, with rearmament. The 'war of science' from 1939 then brought them greater numbers, enhanced reputation, more room to direct their work, and the satisfaction of getting their own naval scientific corps. Moreover, they became more important organisationally, with direct access to the Board of Admiralty, and - more indicative - a growing influence in middle- and lower-level committee work, where the principles of merit, initiative, discussion and fundamental research were promoted. One notices a weakening in prejudice and in the long-standing Admiralty attachment to practical empiricism. Much had been achieved by 1945, and though some disgruntlement remained, at least problems about pay and status had largely been addressed.
机译：这个关于海军部专业知识发展的故事首先简要地追溯了海军参谋部从1883年成立到1917年正式成立的过程，以及公务员秘书处在更长时期内的崛起。包括决策在内，两者都具有类似的互补功能。然后，文章转向海军科学家，他们走到了同一个目的的道路更长。第一次世界大战使他们在人数和组织上都占有重要地位，尽管他们在地位和薪资方面仍然关系不佳，以海军军官的实际经验为主导，并受到偏见，并得到充分回报。 1930年代进行了改进，并进行了改组。 1939年的“科学之战”给他们带来了更多的人数，更高的声誉，更大的指导工作空间以及获得自己的海军科学兵团的满足感。此外，它们在组织上变得更加重要，可以直接与金钟委员会联系，并且-更具有参考意义-在中下层委员会工作中的影响力日益增强，在这里促进了功绩原则，主动性，讨论和基础研究。人们注意到偏见和对实践经验主义的长期金钟依从性有所减弱。到1945年已经取得了很多成就，尽管仍然存在一些不满情绪，但至少在很大程度上解决了薪酬和地位问题。

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