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Long-Time Stability of Ni-Ti-Shape Memory Alloys for Automotive Safety Systems

机译：用于汽车安全系统的Ni-Ti形状记忆合金的长期稳定性

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摘要

In automotive a lot of electromagnetically, pyrotechnically or mechanically driven actuators are integrated to run comfort systems and to control safety systems in modern passenger cars. Using shape memory alloys (SMA) the existing systems could be simplified, performing the same function through new mechanisms with reduced size, weight, and costs. A drawback for the use of SMA in safety systems is the lack of materials knowledge concerning the durability of the switching function (long-time stability of the shape memory effect). Pedestrian safety systems play a significant role to reduce injuries and fatal casualties caused by accidents. One automotive safety system for pedestrian protection is the bonnet lifting system. Based on such an application, this article gives an introduction to existing bonnet lifting systems for pedestrian protection, describes the use of quick changing shape memory actuators and the results of the study concerning the long-time stability of the tested NiTi-wires. These wires were trained, exposed up to 4 years at elevated temperatures (up to 140 °C) and tested regarding their phase change temperatures, times, and strokes. For example, it was found that A P-temperature is shifted toward higher temperatures with longer exposing periods and higher temperatures. However, in the functional testing plant a delay in the switching time could not be detected. This article gives some answers concerning the long-time stability of NiTi-wires that were missing till now. With this knowledge, the number of future automotive applications using SMA can be increased. It can be concluded, that the use of quick changing shape memory actuators in safety systems could simplify the mechanism, reduce maintenance and manufacturing costs and should be insertable also for other automotive applications.
机译：在汽车中，集成了许多电磁，烟火或机械驱动的执行器，以运行舒适性系统并控制现代乘用车中的安全系统。使用形状记忆合金（SMA）可以简化现有系统，并通过具有减小尺寸，重量和成本的新机制来执行相同的功能。在安全系统中使用SMA的缺点是缺乏有关开关功能的耐久性（形状记忆效应的长期稳定性）的材料知识。行人安全系统在减少事故造成的伤害和致命人员伤亡方面发挥着重要作用。用于行人保护的一种汽车安全系统是引擎盖提升系统。基于这样的应用，本文介绍了用于行人保护的现有阀盖提升系统，介绍了快速变化的形状记忆执行器的使用以及有关经过测试的NiTi线的长期稳定性的研究结果。这些电线经过培训，在高温（最高140°C）下暴露长达4年，并测试了它们的相变温度，时间和行程。例如，发现A P 温度向具有更长曝光时间和更高温度的更高温度转移。但是，在功能测试工厂中，无法检测到切换时间的延迟。本文提供了一些有关到目前为止尚未使用的NiTi线的长期稳定性的答案。有了这些知识，可以增加使用SMA的未来汽车应用的数量。可以得出结论，在安全系统中使用快速变化的形状记忆执行器可以简化机械装置，降低维护和制造成本，并且还应可插入其他汽车应用中。

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