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Strengthening materials specifications

机译：加强材料规格

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Continuing efforts to strengthen materials specifications readily recognize that a mere compliance with a materials specification only assures a material meeting or exceeding the minimum expectations explicitly detailed in the specification. Implicitly, such efforts also recognize that additional and specific client needs must be addressed as supplementary requirements and introduced during material procurement to reduce risks and assure enhanced performance. This article describes two U.S. Navy-related case studies that allowed further strengthening of the materials specification process, using newer methods and renewed understanding. The first case demonstrates the use of a constraints-based modeling approach to specify the chemical composition of high-performance welding electrodes for critical U.S. Navy applications. This approach helps to distinguish high-performance welding electrode chemical compositions from rich and lean welding electrode chemical compositions that might limit the operational envelope, reduce performance, or both, while increasing overall cost of fabrication but otherwise meet electrode specification requirements. The second case identifies that the size of an ingot could be an important factor while specifying the aluminum and sulfur contents of very large-size, heavy-gauge plates. Renewed understanding of melt fluidity issues associated with the solidification of very large-size ingots shows that deficiencies in through-thickness ductility of heavy-gauge plates are related to controlling aluminum and sulfur contents of the voluminous melt, notwithstanding explicit compliance with specification requirements.
机译：不断加强材料规格的努力很容易认识到，仅遵守材料规格仅能确保材料达到或超过规范中明确规定的最低期望。隐含地，这种努力还认识到，必须将额外的和特定的客户需求作为补充要求加以解决，并在物料采购过程中引入以降低风险并确保增强的性能。本文介绍了两个与美国海军有关的案例研究，这些案例研究允许使用更新的方法和新的理解来进一步加强材料规范流程。第一种情况说明了使用基于约束的建模方法来指定适用于关键美国海军应用的高性能焊接电极的化学成分。这种方法有助于将高性能焊接电极化学成分与富，稀焊接电极化学成分区分开，这可能会限制操作范围，降低性能或同时降低这两者，同时会增加制造的总体成本，但又会满足电极规格要求。第二种情况表明，在指定超大型厚规格钢板的铝和硫含量时，铸锭的尺寸可能是一个重要因素。对与超大型铸锭凝固相关的熔体流动性问题的重新认识表明，尽管严格符合规格要求，但大规格板的全厚度延展性的缺陷与控制大量熔体的铝和硫含量有关。

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