TWENTY YEARS OF CYBERWAR

John Arquilla

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TWENTY YEARS OF CYBERWAR

机译：网络战争二十年

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For many years after its introduction in the early 1990s, the cyberwar concept - which outlined a new mode of conflict that would emphasize disruption of information systems and flows - was given little credence. Over the past several years, however, cyberwars of both irregular and somewhat more conventional types have erupted (e.g., see respectively Estonia in 2007 and Georgia in 2008). Global awareness of cyberwar has risen sharply, and many nation-states are preparing their defenses, as well as their capabilities for mounting offensive operations. The American military's declaration in 2011 that cyberspace is a 'warfighting domain' highlights a need to explore the ethical implications and nuances of cyberwar. This article finds that classic jus ad bellum constructs come under great pressure from cyberwar, while jus in bello concerns may prove more manageable. Another key theme is that disproportionate attention is given to the notion of employing cyberwar 'strategically' (i.e., to strike directly at other nations' infrastructures), where its use is less likely to achieve 'victory' and is more problematic ethically. Instead, a focus on the application of cyberwar techniques in battle may lead to shorter, less bloody, 'more ethical' conflicts.

机译：在1990年代初期引入网络战争后的许多年中，它没有提出任何信任，因为它概述了强调信息系统和信息流中断的新冲突方式。然而，在过去几年中，非常规和较常规的网络战争都爆发了（例如，分别见于2007年的爱沙尼亚和2008年的佐治亚州）。全球对网络战争的认识急剧上升，许多民族国家正在准备其防御以及其发起进攻行动的能力。美国军方在2011年宣布网络空间是“战斗领域”，这突显了对探索网络战争的伦理涵义和细微差别的需求。本文发现，经典的法律组织在网络战争中承受着巨大的压力，而法律事务中的法律组织可能更易于管理。另一个关键主题是，对``战略性地''使用网络战争（即直接打击其他国家的基础设施）的想法给予了过多的关注，在这种情况下，网络战争的使用不太可能实现``胜利''，并且在道德上更成问题。相反，将重点放在网络战争技术在战斗中的应用可能会导致更短，更少血腥，“更道德”的冲突。

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来源
《Journal of military ethics》 |2013年第1期|80-87|共8页
作者
John Arquilla;
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作者单位

Department of Defense Analysis, 589 Dyer Road, Room 214, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943, USA;

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原文格式 PDF
正文语种 eng
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关键词
Anonymity; cyberwar; escalation; proportionality;

机译：匿名;网络战争升级;相称性;

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TWENTY YEARS OF CYBERWAR

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