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ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR MILITARY ETHICS

机译：增材制造及其对军事道德的启示

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摘要

Recent advances in so-called 'additive manufacturing' pose significant, new challenges, in scope if not in kind, for military ethicists. While the problem of dual-use technologies (i.e. technologies that can be used for both good and malevolent purposes) is not new, the possibility of the rapid, uncontrolled replication of highly sophisticated tools of violent action - tools that heretofore have been largely inaccessible to laymen - could vastly expand the number of persons able to commit violent acts, or even wage war, far beyond traditional boundaries. This article explains the nature of additive manufacturing and identifies the challenges it poses for militaries and governments with the de facto responsibility to keep war-making tools out of the wrong hands. In light of the industrial revolution occasioned by the advent of additive manufacturing and the revolution in military affairs that it portends, it proposes a research agenda for military ethicists. In particular, it argues that military ethicists must now expand their scope of inquiry in a way that accords due prominence to the nexus between these technologies and jus ante bellum issues of conflict avoidance.
机译：所谓的“增材制造”的最新进展对军事伦理学家提出了重大的，新的挑战。尽管双重用途技术（即既可用于善意又可用于恶意目的的技术）的问题并不是新问题，但迅速，不受控制地复制高度复杂的暴力行为工具的可能性-迄今为止，这些工具在很大程度上是无法获得的。外行人-可以大大扩大能够实施暴力行为甚至发动战争的人数，远远超出传统界限。本文解释了增材制造的本质，并确定了它对军方和政府的挑战，这些政府和政府负有事实上的责任以制止不法之徒使用战争工具。鉴于增材制造的兴起引发的工业革命及其预示的军事革命，它提出了军事伦理学家的研究议程。特别是，它认为，军事伦理学家现在必须以某种适当的方式扩大其调查范围，以突出强调这些技术与避免冲突的绝对优先问题之间的联系。

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