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Energy-efficiency and reliability in MAC and routing protocols for underwater wireless sensor network: A survey

机译：水下无线传感器网络的MAC和路由协议中的能效和可靠性：一项调查

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Underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) technology has introduced a new flux to a whole gamut of application domains such as scientific exploration, commercial exploitation, underwater disaster prevention, etc. Such diversity of UWSN has gained prominence to the researchers quite fast and has marked this field of research as one of the emerging ones. With extensive researches conducted in this field, several design challenges have been experienced and explored by the network designers. Large propagation delay, low bandwidth, frequent loss of connectivity, variability of sound speed, limitation on source of energy, etc. are the key challenges, which are identified as necessary issues for establishing efficient and reliable UWSN. To address these issues, several MAC and routing protocols for UWSN have been proposed by the researchers during the last decade. In this review, the core design aspects for an ideal UWSN are identified which are energy-efficiency and reliability. These design aspects are evaluated in terms of energy consumption and communication efficiency - in order to provide an insight to the network designers on ideal design metrics. It is found that the protocols are highly selective, and the fitness of any protocol depends solely on the application and design requirements, which is addressed by this review. This paper also provides a comprehensive overview through comparison and simulation to analyze and summarize the MAC and routing protocols under concern. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：水下无线传感器网络（UWSN）技术为诸如科学探索，商业开发，水下灾难预防等整个应用领域引入了新的潮流。这种UWSN的多样性在研究人员中得到了极大的重视，并为此做出了标记。研究领域是新兴领域之一。通过在该领域进行的广泛研究，网络设计师经历并探索了一些设计挑战。大的传播延迟，低带宽，频繁的连接丢失，声速可变性，能源限制等是关键挑战，这些挑战被确定为建立高效，可靠的UWSN的必要问题。为了解决这些问题，研究人员在过去十年中为UWSN提出了几种MAC和路由协议。在这篇评论中，确定了理想的UWSN的核心设计方面是能源效率和可靠性。对这些设计方面进行了能耗和通信效率方面的评估-以便向网络设计师提供有关理想设计指标的见解。发现协议是高度选择性的，并且任何协议的适用性仅取决于应用程序和设计要求，本文将对此进行讨论。本文还通过比较和仿真来提供全面的概述，以分析和总结所关注的MAC和路由协议。 （C）2016 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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