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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Parasitology >PARASITE-INDUCED CHANGES IN NITRIC OXIDE LEVELS IN DROSOPHILA PARAMELANICA
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PARASITE-INDUCED CHANGES IN NITRIC OXIDE LEVELS IN DROSOPHILA PARAMELANICA

机译：寄生的果蝇一氧化氮含量引起的寄生虫变化

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摘要

In larvae of Drosophila paramelanica, eggs and larvae of the endoparasitic wasp Leptopilina heterotoma succumb to an effective host reaction that does not involve blood cell–mediated melanotic encapsulation, a response that characterizes cellular immunity in various species of Drosophila and in many insects and other arthropods. A significant increase occurs, however, in the number of lamellocytes, a type of blood cell that functions in encapsulation reactions. The appearance of activated lamellocytes in D. paramelanica is viewed as an early response to infection, one most likely initiated by non–self-recognition processes that similarly function in other wasp-infected Drosophila. However, ensuing cytotoxic responses, about which little is presently known, are not accompanied by melanotic encapsulation in D. paramelanica. Concurrent analyses of the cell-signaling molecule nitric oxide (.NO) revealed significant alterations in the levels of this free radical during the early stages of infection, most notably a dramatic increase immediately upon infection, and precipitous decreases occurring at times when parasites were killed. Injections of a specific inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) into the host's body cavity prior to infection significantly increased parasite survival. These observations suggest some involvement of .NO in the host immune response, either in recruiting hemocytes to sites of infection or as a component of the insect's cytotoxic arsenal, given the capacity of the radical to generate toxic molecules through interactions with various intermediates of oxygen and nitrogen.
机译：在果蝇果蝇的幼虫中，内寄生性黄蜂的卵和幼虫会发生有效的宿主反应，该反应不涉及血细胞介导的黑色素囊化，这种反应表征了果蝇各种物种以及许多昆虫和其他节肢动物的细胞免疫力。但是，在封装反应中起作用的一种类型的血细胞即lamellocytes的数量显着增加。副鞭毛虫中活化的弹力细胞的出现被认为是对感染的早期反应，这很可能是由非自我识别过程引起的，在其他被黄蜂感染的果蝇中也具有类似的功能。然而，随之而来的细胞毒性反应（目前尚不为人所知）并没有伴有黑头病菌中黑色素的包囊。对细胞信号分子一氧化氮（.NO）的同时分析显示，在感染的早期阶段，该自由基的水平发生了显着变化，最显着的是感染后立即急剧增加，而在杀死寄生虫时急剧下降。 。在感染前向宿主体腔内注射一氧化氮合酶（NOS）的特异性抑制剂可显着提高寄生虫的存活率。这些观察结果表明.NO具有一定的自由基能力，可以通过与氧气和各种中间体的相互作用产生有毒分子，从而参与宿主的免疫反应，包括将血细胞募集到感染部位或作为昆虫细胞毒性武器的一部分。氮。

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  • 来源
    《Journal of Parasitology》 |2009年第5期|p.1134-1141|共8页
  • 作者

    Y. Carton F. Frey and A.J. Nappi;

  • 作者单位

    Équipe IRD, Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation, CNRS, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France, and Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France ajnappi@luc.edu;

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