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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Parasitology >CRYPTIC HOST SPECIFICITY OF AN AVIAN SKIN MITE (EPIDERMOPTIDAE) VECTORED BY LOUSEFLIES (HIPPOBOSCIDAE) ASSOCIATED WITH TWO ENDEMIC GALÁPAGOS BIRD SPECIES
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CRYPTIC HOST SPECIFICITY OF AN AVIAN SKIN MITE (EPIDERMOPTIDAE) VECTORED BY LOUSEFLIES (HIPPOBOSCIDAE) ASSOCIATED WITH TWO ENDEMIC GALÁPAGOS BIRD SPECIES

机译：扇贝（Hippoboscidae）与两种地方性加拉帕戈斯鸟物种相关的鸟类螨（Epidermoptidae）的隐巢寄主特异性

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Host specificity of vectors is an important but understudied force shaping parasite evolution and the relationship between hosts and parasites. Low vector specificity may allow a vectored parasite to invade new host species, whereas high specificity of vectors may reduce the host range of the parasite and favor specialization. The ‘generalist’ and widely distributed avian skin mite Myialges caulotoon Speiser (Acari: Epidermoptidae) is unusual because females require an insect vector to complete their life cycle. Myialges caulotoon was previously reported from 2 lousefly (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) species, Olfersia sordida and Icosta nigra, parasitizing flightless cormorants (Phalacrocorax harrisi) and Galápagos hawks (Buteo galapagoensis), respectively, within the Galápagos Islands. This is a surprising distribution, given that the 2 lousefly species involved are relatively host-specific. Mitochondrial DNA sequences revealed 2 reciprocally monophyletic Myialges clades that sorted out perfectly with respect to their vector species, regardless of whether they were in allopatry or sympatry. One clade was restricted to flies of hawks and the other to flies of cormorants. Females of the 2 Myialges groups were also separated consistently by the shape of the sternal surface sclerotization. Mites of hawk flies were more abundant than those of cormorant flies. Within the Myialges clade associated with hawks, genetic differentiation between 2 island populations mirrored its host's patterns of differentiation.
机译：载体的宿主特异性是影响寄生虫进化以及宿主与寄生虫之间关系的重要但未被研究的力量。低的载体特异性可以使载体的寄生虫侵入新的宿主物种，而高特异性的载体可以减少寄生虫的宿主范围并有利于特化。 “种属”和分布广泛的鸟类皮肤螨Myialges caulotoon Speiser（Acari：Epidermoptidae）很不寻常，因为雌性需要昆虫媒介才能完成其生命周期。以前曾报道过Myialges凤头鹦鹉来自加拉帕戈斯群岛内的2个虱蝇（Diptera：Hippoboscidae）物种Olfersia sordida和Icosta nigra，它们分别寄生了不能飞行的cor（Phalacrocorax harrisi）和加拉帕戈斯鹰（Buteo galapagoensis）。鉴于所涉及的2个虱子物种是相对宿主特异性的，这是一个令人惊讶的分布。线粒体DNA序列显示了2个相互单系的Myialges进化枝，就其载体种类而言，它们完美地分类了，而不论它们是异隐体还是共生体。其中一个进化枝只限于鹰的苍蝇，而另一个则只限于cor的苍蝇。 2个Myialges组的雌性也通过胸骨表面硬化的形状一致地分开。鹰蝇的螨虫比cor蝇的螨虫更丰富。在与鹰相关的Myialges进化枝内，两个岛屿种群之间的遗传分化反映了其宿主的分化模式。

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