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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Parasitology >MOLECULAR AND MORPHOMETRIC EVIDENCE FOR SEPARATE SPECIES OF UNCINARIA (NEMATODA: ANCYLOSTOMATIDAE) IN CALIFORNIA SEA LIONS AND NORTHERN FUR SEALS: HYPOTHESIS TESTING SUPPLANTS VERIFICATION
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MOLECULAR AND MORPHOMETRIC EVIDENCE FOR SEPARATE SPECIES OF UNCINARIA (NEMATODA: ANCYLOSTOMATIDAE) IN CALIFORNIA SEA LIONS AND NORTHERN FUR SEALS: HYPOTHESIS TESTING SUPPLANTS VERIFICATION

机译：加利福尼亚海狮和北毛皮海豹属个别种类的线虫（线虫：线虫）的分子和形态证据：假设检验试验验证

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摘要

California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) and northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) are each believed to host distinct hookworm species (Uncinaria spp.). However, a recent morphometric analysis suggested that a single species parasitizes multiple pinniped hosts, and that the observed differences are host-induced. To explore the systematics of these hookworms and test these competing hypotheses, we obtained nucleotide sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA (D2/D3 28S, D18/D19 28S, and internal transcribed spacer [ITS] regions) from 20 individual hookworms parasitizing California sea lion and northern fur seal pups where their breeding grounds are sympatric. Five individuals from an allopatric population of California sea lions were also sampled for ITS-1 and D18/D19 28S sequences. The 28S D2/D3 sequences showed no diagnostic differences among hookworms sampled from individual sea lions and fur seals, whereas the 28S D18/D19 sequences had one derived (apomorphic) character demarcating hookworms from northern fur seals. ITS sequences were variable for 7 characters, with 4 derived (apomorphic) states in ITS-1 demarcating hookworms from California sea lions. Multivariate analysis of morphometric data also revealed significant differences between nematodes representing these 2 host-associated lineages. These results indicate that these hookworms represent 2 species that are not distributed indiscriminately between these host species, but instead exhibit host fidelity, evolving independently with each respective host species. This evolutionary approach to analyzing sequence data for species delimitation is contrasted with similarity-based methods that have been applied to numerous diagnostic studies of nematode parasites.
机译：加州海狮（Zalophus californianus）和北部海狗（Callorhinus ursinus）被认为分别拥有不同的钩虫种类（Uncinaria spp。）。但是，最近的形态计量分析表明，一个物种寄生了多个被夹住的寄主，并且观察到的差异是寄主引起的。为了探索这些钩虫的系统性并检验这些相互竞争的假设，我们从20只寄生于加利福尼亚海狮的钩虫中获得了核糖体DNA的核苷酸序列（D2 / D3 28S，D18 / D19 28S和内部转录间隔区[ITS]区）。北部的海狗幼崽，它们的繁殖地都是同伴。还从加利福尼亚海狮的异源种群中抽取了五个个体的ITS-1和D18 / D19 28S序列。 28S D2 / D3序列显示在从单个海狮和海狗中取样的钩虫之间没有诊断差异，而28S D18 / D19序列具有一种从北部海狗中划出钩虫的衍生（亚型）特征。 ITS序列在7个字符中是可变的，在来自加利福尼亚海狮的ITS-1标定钩虫中具有4个派生（亚纯态）状态。形态计量学数据的多变量分析还显示，代表这2个宿主相关谱系的线虫之间存在显着差异。这些结果表明，这些钩虫代表了两个物种，它们并非在这些寄主物种之间不加选择地分布，而是表现出寄主保真度，与每个相应的寄主物种独立地进化。这种进化的分析序列数据进行物种定界的方法与基于相似性的方法形成了鲜明对比，该方法已被广泛应用于线虫寄生虫的诊断研究。

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