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Estuarine Frontogenesis

机译：河口前生

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Model studies and observations in the Hudson River estuary indicate that frontogenesis occurs as a result of topographic forcing. Bottom fronts form just downstream of lateral constrictions, where the width of the estuary increases in the down-estuary (i.e., seaward) direction. The front forms during the last several hours of the ebb, when the combination of adverse pressure gradient in the expansion and baroclinicity cause a stagnation of near-bottom velocity. Frontogenesis is observed in two dynamical regimes: one in which the front develops at a transition from subcritical to supercritical flow and the other in which the flow is everywhere supercritical. The supercritical front formation appears to be associated with lateral flow separation. Both types of fronts are three-dimensional, with strong lateral gradients along the flanks of the channel. During spring tide conditions, the fronts dissipate during the flood, whereas during neap tides the fronts are advected landward during the flood. The zone of enhanced density gradient initiates frontogenesis at multiple constrictions along the estuary as it propagates landward more than 60 km during several days of neap tides. Frontogenesis and frontal propagation may thus be essential elements of the spring-to-neap transition to stratified conditions in partially mixed estuaries.
机译：在哈德逊河河口进行的模型研究和观察表明，前生发生是地形强迫的结果。底面正好形成在横向收缩的下游，在此，河口的宽度沿河口向下（即向海）的方向增加。在退潮的最后几个小时内形成锋面，这时膨胀中的不利压力梯度和斜压共同导致了接近底部速度的停滞。在两种动力学机制中观察到了前沿生成：一种是前沿在从亚临界流到超临界流的过渡中发展，而另一种则是无处不在的超临界流。超临界前沿地层似乎与侧向流分离有关。两种类型的前沿都是三维的，沿通道的侧面有很强的横向梯度。在春季潮汐条件下，锋面在洪水期间消散，而在潮汐潮汐过程中，锋面在洪水期间向内平移。密度梯度增加的区域在几天的潮汐潮汐中向陆地传播超过60 km，从而在河口的多个收缩处开始了锋生。因此，在部分混合的河口中，锋生和额叶传播可能是从春季到巢状过渡到分层条件的基本要素。

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  • 来源
    《Journal of Physical Oceanography》 |2015年第2期|546-561|共16页
  • 作者

    Geyer W. R.; Ralston D. K.;

  • 作者单位

    Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA;

    Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA;

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