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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Physical Oceanography >Using Depth-Normalized Coordinates to Examine Mass Transport Residual Circulation in Estuaries with Large Tidal Amplitude Relative to the Mean Depth
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Using Depth-Normalized Coordinates to Examine Mass Transport Residual Circulation in Estuaries with Large Tidal Amplitude Relative to the Mean Depth

机译：使用深度归一化坐标检查潮汐振幅相对于平均深度的河口传质残余循环

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摘要

Residual (subtidal) circulation profiles in estuaries with a large tidal amplitude-to-depth ratio often are quite complex and do not resemble the traditional estuarine gravitational circulation profile. This paper describes how a depth-normalized σ-coordinate system allows for a more physical interpretation of residual circulation profiles than does a fixed vertical coordinate system in an estuary with a tidal amplitude comparable to the mean depth. Depth-normalized coordinates permit the approximation of Lagrangian residuals, performance of empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, estimation of terms in the along-stream momentum equations throughout depth, and computation of a tidally averaged momentum balance. The residual mass transport velocity has an enhanced two-layer exchange flow relative to an Eulerian mean because of the Stokes wave transport velocity directed upstream at all depths. While the observed σ-coordinate profiles resemble gravitational circulation, and pressure and friction are the dominant terms in the tidally varying and tidally averaged momentum equations, the two-layer shear velocity from an EOF analysis does not correlate with the along-stream density gradient. To directly compare to theoretical profiles, an extension of a pressure-friction balance in σ coordinates is solved. While the barotropic riverine residual matches theory, the mean longitudinal density gradient and mean vertical mixing cannot explain the magnitude of the observed two-layer shear residual. In addition, residual shear circulation in this system is strongly driven by asymmetries during the tidal cycle, particularly straining and ad-vection of the salinity field, creating intratidal variation in stratification, vertical mixing, and shear.
机译：潮汐波幅与深度之比较大的河口中的残留（潮汐）循环剖面通常非常复杂，与传统的河口重力循环剖面并不相似。本文描述了一种深度归一化的σ坐标系，与潮汐振幅与平均深度相当的河口中的固定垂直坐标系相比，如何对残留环流剖面进行更多的物理解释。深度归一化的坐标允许拉格朗日残差的近似，经验正交函数（EOF）分析的执行，整个深度的沿流动量方程中项的估计以及潮汐平均动量平衡的计算。相对于欧拉平均值，残余质量传输速度具有增强的两层交换流，这是因为在所有深度处都指向上游的斯托克斯波传输速度。尽管观测到的σ坐标剖面类似于重力循环，并且压力和摩擦力是潮汐变化和潮汐平均动量方程的主要项，但EOF分析得出的两层剪切速度与沿流密度梯度不相关。为了直接与理论曲线进行比较，解决了压力-摩擦平衡在σ坐标中的扩展问题。虽然正压河流残余物匹配理论，但平均纵向密度梯度和平均垂直混合不能解释所观察到的两层剪切残余物的大小。此外，该系统中的残余剪切循环是由潮汐周期中的不对称性（尤其是盐度场的应变和平流）强烈驱动的，从而在分层，垂直混合和剪切过程中造成潮汐变化。

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  • 来源
    《Journal of Physical Oceanography》 |2014年第1期|128-148|共21页
  • 作者

    Sarah N. Giddings; Stephen G. Monismith; Derek A. Fong; Mark T. Stacey;

  • 作者单位

    School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman #0206, La Jolla, CA 92093-0206;

    Environmental Fluid Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California;

    Environmental Fluid Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California;

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California;

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