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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Physical Oceanography >The Relationship of Weddell Polynya and Open-Ocean Deep Convection to the Southern Hemisphere Westerlies
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The Relationship of Weddell Polynya and Open-Ocean Deep Convection to the Southern Hemisphere Westerlies

机译：Weddell Polynya和开海深对流与南半球西风的关系

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摘要

The Weddell Polynya of the mid-1970s is simulated in an energy balance model (EBM) sea ice-ocean coupled general circulation model (GCM) with an abrupt 20% increase in the intensity of Southern Hemisphere (SH) westerlies. This small upshift of applied wind stress is viewed as a stand in for the stronger zonal winds that developed in the mid-1970s following a long interval of relatively weak zonal winds between 1954 and 1972. Following the strengthening of the westerlies in this model, the cyclonic Weddell gyre intensifies, raising relatively warm Weddell Sea Deep Water to the surface. The raised warm water then melts sea ice or prevents it from forming to produce the Weddell Polynya. Within the polynya, large heat loss to the air causes surface water to become cold and sink to the bottom via open-ocean deep convection. Thus, the underlying layers cool down, the warm water supply to the surface eventually stops, and the polynya cannot be maintained anymore. During the 100-yr-long model simulation, two Weddell Polynya events are observed. The second one occurs a few years after the first one disappears; it is much weaker and persists for less time than the first one because the underlying layer is cooler. Based on these model simulations, the authors hypothesize that the Weddell Polynya and open-ocean deep convection were responses to the stronger SH westerlies that followed a prolonged weak phase of the southern annular mode.
机译：1970年代中期的Weddell Polynya是在能量平衡模型（EBM）海冰-海洋耦合总循环模型（GCM）中进行模拟的，南半球（SH）西风的强度突然增加了20％。这种较小的外加风应力被认为是1970年代中期强劲的纬向风的代表，该纬向风是在1954年至1972年之间经过一段较​​长的相对弱的纬向风之后形成的。随着该模式中西风的加强，气旋式韦德尔回旋加剧，使相对温暖的韦德尔海深水上升到地表。升高的温水然后融化海冰或阻止其形成以产生Weddell Polynya。在polynya内，空气中大量的热损失导致地表水变冷并通过海洋深对流沉入底部。因此，下面的层冷却下来，最终停止了向表面的温水供应，并且不再能够保持polynya。在长达100年的模型模拟过程中，观察到两个Weddell Polynya事件。第二次发生在第一个消失后的几年；它比第一层要弱得多，并且可以保留的时间少于第一层，因为底层更凉爽。基于这些模型模拟，作者假设Weddell Polynya和开海深对流是对南环形模式延长的弱相之后较强的SH西风的响应。

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  • 来源
    《Journal of Physical Oceanography》 |2014年第2期|694-713|共20页
  • 作者

    Woo Geun Cheon; Young-Gyu Park; J. R. Toggweiler; Sang-Ki Lee;

  • 作者单位

    The 6th R&D Institute-1, Agency for Defense Development, Jinhae, South Korea;

    Ocean Circulation and Climate Research Division, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 787 Hean-ro(st), Sangnok-gu, Ansan, South Korea;

    NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey;

    Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, and NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida;

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