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Coupling of Sea Level Rise, Tidal Amplification, and Inundation

机译：海平面上升，潮汐放大和淹没的耦合

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摘要

With the global sea level rising, it is imperative to quantify how the dynamics of tidal estuaries and em-bayments will respond to increased depth and newly inundated perimeter regions. With increased depth comes a decrease in frictional effects in the basin interior and altered tidal amplification. Inundation due to higher sea level also causes an increase in planform area, tidal prism, and frictional effects in the newly inundated areas. To investigate the coupling between ocean forcing, tidal dynamics, and inundation, the authors employ a high-resolution hydrodynamic model of San Francisco Bay, California, comprising two basins with distinct tidal characteristics. Multiple shoreline scenarios are simulated, ranging from a leveed scenario, in which tidal flows are limited to present-day shorelines, to a simulation in which all topography is allowed to flood. Simulating increased mean sea level, while preserving original shorelines, produces additional tidal amplification. However, flooding of adjacent low-lying areas introduces frictional, intertidal regions that serve as energy sinks for the incident tidal wave. Net tidal amplification in most areas is predicted to be lower in the sea level rise scenarios. Tidal dynamics show a shift to a more progressive wave, dissipative environment with perimeter sloughs becoming major energy sinks. The standing wave southern reach of the bay couples more strongly back to the central portion of the bay, in contrast to the progressive wave northern reach of the bay. Generation of the M_4 overtide is also found to vary between scenarios and is a nonnegligible contributor to net changes in high water elevation.
机译：随着全球海平面的上升，必须量化潮汐河口和河堤的动力将如何响应不断增加的深度和新近淹没的周边地区。随着深度的增加，盆地内部的摩擦效应减小，潮汐放大率改变。由于较高的海平面造成的淹没还导致平面形状面积，潮汐棱镜的增加以及新淹没区域的摩擦效应。为了研究海洋强迫，潮汐动力和淹没之间的耦合，作者采用了加利福尼亚旧金山湾的高分辨率水动力模型，该模型包括两个具有不同潮汐特征的盆地。模拟了多种海岸线方案，从潮水仅限于当今海岸线的高潮方案到允许所有地形泛滥的模拟。模拟增加的平均海平面，同时保留原始海岸线，会产生额外的潮汐放大。但是，相邻低洼区域的洪水引入了潮汐摩擦带，这些潮带充当了入射潮汐的能量汇。在海平面上升的情况下，大多数地区的净潮汐增幅预计较低。潮汐动力学显示出向更具渐进性的波，耗散环境的转变，周边泥沼成为主要的能量汇。与海湾的渐进波北部延伸相比，海湾的驻波南延伸更牢固地耦合回到海湾的中央部分。还发现M_4潮汐的产生在不同情景之间有所不同，并且是高水位净变化的不可忽略的因素。

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  • 来源
    《Journal of Physical Oceanography》 |2014年第5期|1439-1455|共17页
  • 作者

    Rusty C. Holleman; Mark T. Stacey;

  • 作者单位

    205 O'Brien Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1712,Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts;

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California;

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